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MIT零售碳足迹-衡量房地产和技术的影响英文版.pdf
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MIT零售碳足迹-衡量房地产和技术的影响英文版.pdf
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Retail Carbon
Footprints:
Measuring
Impacts from
Real Estate and
Technology
2
3
CARBON FOOTPRINTS AND RETAIL BEHAVIORS
OF CONSUMERS
21st century consumers face unprecedented
choice when purchasing goods and services. A
growing body of research has been investigating
what impact consumer choices have on carbon
use, GhG emissions, and climate change. The
research has a shared concensus, consumer
decisions are carbon emitting. However, some
consumer decisions, choices by logistics and
supply chain providers, transportation and even
technological solutions contribute to more GhG
emissions than less.
As a real estate group, our goal was to focus on
how real estate, urban planning and technology
impacts the total GhG emissions that a retail
consumer initiates when they make a purchase.
We present in our research where all decision
makers can make a contribution to minimize
the carbon footprint from their business and
retail behaviors.
“Our goal is to
understand the carbon
footprints of consumer
retail behavior. As the
purchase and delivery
of goods has expanded
to include numerous
channels, we want to
measure the role of real
estate, transportation,
and technology. The
objective is to help
those involved in the
supply, delivery, and
reception of goods
to minimize carbon
footprints.”
DR. ANDREA CHEGUT
MIT REAL ESTATE INNOVATION LAB
4
WHICH RETAIL STRATEGY PROVIDES THE LOWEST
GHG EMISSIONS OUTPUT?
Over the last quarter of a century, no asset class
in real estate has seen more transformation
than the retail sector, due to advances in
technology, innovations in the supply chain and
ever-advancing changes in consumer behavior.
Where once consumers flocked to suburban
shopping malls and the brick-and-mortar stores
of city streets, ecommerce - combined with
next-day delivery capability - has completely
altered how we purchase all forms of goods.
Coinciding with this transformation, climate
change across the globe has now reached
a point where it is unquestionably impacting
our environment, economy and resiliency as a
society. The question we must now ask is which
of these forms of consumer behavior leads to
lower carbon emissions, and is better for the
world in which we live. This analytical study
aims to investigate and measure consumers’
Greenhouse Gas (GhG) emissions while
engaging in either ecommerce purchasing or
the more traditional purchasing from brick-and-
mortar stores.
Identification Strategy
Our study began by reviewing previous research
conducted in this area and focused on the major
factors that have had the most impact on carbon
emissions, such as transportation. However,
as the retail ecosystem has expanded, it has
become clear that there are numerous other
factors that are having a major impact on GhG
emission levels. These include the real estate
footprint of buildings, logistical systems, the
production of packaging and boxes, and new
technologies.
5
Author Country
and
Institution
Year
Published
Title Findings
Weideli United
states,
France
MIT, EPFL
2012 Environmental analysis of us
online shopping
‘pure players’ of ecommerce have
fewer emissions on average that
hybrid models with in-person
shopping trips by car
Blanco, Sheffi United
States,
MIT
2017 Green Logistics Presents a systematic methodology
for measuring carbon footprint impact.
Blanco United
States,
MIT
2017 Estimating the CO2 intensity
of intermodal freight
transportation
Suggests employing public transport
infrastructure for logistics parcel
delivery.
Pineda Blanco United
States,
UC Davis
2018 Changes in Online Shopping
Behavior During the Last
Decade
Determines that a specific sector
of the population is more drawn
towards online shopping. Presents
relationships between shopper
characteristics.
Prologis United
States,
Prologis
Research
2018 The Modern Supply Chain:
A New Model for Defining
Logistics Real Estate
Framework for determining the
development criteria of new last-mile
properties.
He et. al. PR China,
Shanghai
University
2019 Product carbon footprint
across sustainable supply
chain
Presents a comprehensive study
of the constituent parts of the
supply chain and how to make a full
assessment.
Shahmohammadi,
Van Loon, et. al.
United
States,
ES&T
Magazine
2020 Comparative Greenhouse
Gas Footprinting of Online
versus Traditional Shopping
for Fast-Moving Consumer
Goods: A Stochastic
Approach
Analyzes data from multiple countries
to determine that e-commerce is not
always the least carbon-intensive form
of retail.
PRECEDENT STUDIES
The question of which system has a greater impact on GhG emissions has led to research on how
these different types of retail behaviors are impacting GhG emissions, and numerous articles and
publications have been generated in recent years. Previous research takes into account various
assumptions about consumer behavior, the logistics ecosystem and consumer transport. Notably,
these studies suggest that carbon emissions are generally lower for consumer retail strategies
that engage in ecommerce. Our goal within this study is to dig further into these findings, expand
on previous assumptions and introduce a number of increasingly significant factors.
Table 1. Precedent Studies.
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