# Adafruit Unified Sensor Driver #
Many small embedded systems exist to collect data from sensors, analyse the data, and either take an appropriate action or send that sensor data to another system for processing.
One of the many challenges of embedded systems design is the fact that parts you used today may be out of production tomorrow, or system requirements may change and you may need to choose a different sensor down the road.
Creating new drivers is a relatively easy task, but integrating them into existing systems is both error prone and time consuming since sensors rarely use the exact same units of measurement.
By reducing all data to a single **sensors\_event\_t** 'type' and settling on specific, **standardised SI units** for each sensor family the same sensor types return values that are comparable with any other similar sensor. This enables you to switch sensor models with very little impact on the rest of the system, which can help mitigate some of the risks and problems of sensor availability and code reuse.
The unified sensor abstraction layer is also useful for data-logging and data-transmission since you only have one well-known type to log or transmit over the air or wire.
## Unified Sensor Drivers ##
The following drivers are based on the Adafruit Unified Sensor Driver:
**Accelerometers**
- [Adafruit\_ADXL345](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_ADXL345)
- [Adafruit\_LSM303DLHC](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_LSM303DLHC)
- [Adafruit\_MMA8451\_Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_MMA8451_Library)
**Gyroscope**
- [Adafruit\_L3GD20\_U](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_L3GD20_U)
**Light**
- [Adafruit\_TSL2561](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_TSL2561)
- [Adafruit\_TSL2591\_Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_TSL2591_Library)
**Magnetometers**
- [Adafruit\_LSM303DLHC](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_LSM303DLHC)
- [Adafruit\_HMC5883\_Unified](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_HMC5883_Unified)
**Barometric Pressure**
- [Adafruit\_BMP085\_Unified](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BMP085_Unified)
- [Adafruit\_BMP183\_Unified\_Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BMP183_Unified_Library)
**Humidity & Temperature**
- [DHT-sensor-library](https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library)
**Humidity, Temperature, & Barometric Pressure**
- [Adafruit_BME280_Library](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BME280_Library/)
**Orientation**
- [Adafruit_BNO055](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_BNO055)
**All in one device**
- [Adafruit_LSM9DS0](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_LSM9DS0_Library) (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer)
- [Adafruit_LSM9DS1](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_LSM9DS1/) (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer)
## How Does it Work? ##
Any driver that supports the Adafruit unified sensor abstraction layer will implement the Adafruit\_Sensor base class. There are two main typedefs and one enum defined in Adafruit_Sensor.h that are used to 'abstract' away the sensor details and values:
## Sensor Types (`sensors_type_t`)
These pre-defined sensor types are used to properly handle the two related typedefs below, and allows us determine what types of units the sensor uses, etc.
```c++
/** Sensor types */
typedef enum
{
SENSOR_TYPE_ACCELEROMETER = (1),
SENSOR_TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD = (2),
SENSOR_TYPE_ORIENTATION = (3),
SENSOR_TYPE_GYROSCOPE = (4),
SENSOR_TYPE_LIGHT = (5),
SENSOR_TYPE_PRESSURE = (6),
SENSOR_TYPE_PROXIMITY = (8),
SENSOR_TYPE_GRAVITY = (9),
SENSOR_TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION = (10),
SENSOR_TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR = (11),
SENSOR_TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY = (12),
SENSOR_TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE = (13),
SENSOR_TYPE_VOLTAGE = (15),
SENSOR_TYPE_CURRENT = (16),
SENSOR_TYPE_COLOR = (17)
} sensors_type_t;
```
## Sensor Details (`sensor_t`)
This typedef describes the specific capabilities of this sensor, and allows us to know what sensor we are using beneath the abstraction layer.
```c++
/* Sensor details (40 bytes) */
/** struct sensor_s is used to describe basic information about a specific sensor. */
typedef struct
{
char name[12];
int32_t version;
int32_t sensor_id;
int32_t type;
float max_value;
float min_value;
float resolution;
int32_t min_delay;
} sensor_t;
```
The individual fields are intended to be used as follows:
- **name**: The sensor name or ID, up to a maximum of twelve characters (ex. "MPL115A2")
- **version**: The version of the sensor HW and the driver to allow us to differentiate versions of the board or driver
- **sensor\_id**: A unique sensor identifier that is used to differentiate this specific sensor instance from any others that are present on the system or in the sensor network
- **type**: The sensor type, based on **sensors\_type\_t** in sensors.h
- **max\_value**: The maximum value that this sensor can return (in the appropriate SI unit)
- **min\_value**: The minimum value that this sensor can return (in the appropriate SI unit)
- **resolution**: The smallest difference between two values that this sensor can report (in the appropriate SI unit)
- **min\_delay**: The minimum delay in microseconds between two sensor events, or '0' if there is no constant sensor rate
## Sensor Data/Events (`sensors_event_t`)
This typedef is used to return sensor data from any sensor supported by the abstraction layer, using standard SI units and scales.
```c++
/* Sensor event (36 bytes) */
/** struct sensor_event_s is used to provide a single sensor event in a common format. */
typedef struct
{
int32_t version;
int32_t sensor_id;
int32_t type;
int32_t reserved0;
int32_t timestamp;
union
{
float data[4];
sensors_vec_t acceleration;
sensors_vec_t magnetic;
sensors_vec_t orientation;
sensors_vec_t gyro;
float temperature;
float distance;
float light;
float pressure;
float relative_humidity;
float current;
float voltage;
sensors_color_t color;
};
} sensors_event_t;
```
It includes the following fields:
- **version**: Contain 'sizeof(sensors\_event\_t)' to identify which version of the API we're using in case this changes in the future
- **sensor\_id**: A unique sensor identifier that is used to differentiate this specific sensor instance from any others that are present on the system or in the sensor network (must match the sensor\_id value in the corresponding sensor\_t enum above!)
- **type**: the sensor type, based on **sensors\_type\_t** in sensors.h
- **timestamp**: time in milliseconds when the sensor value was read
- **data[4]**: An array of four 32-bit values that allows us to encapsulate any type of sensor data via a simple union (further described below)
## Required Functions
In addition to the two standard types and the sensor type enum, all drivers based on Adafruit_Sensor must also implement the following two functions:
```c++
bool getEvent(sensors_event_t*);
```
Calling this function will populate the supplied sensors\_event\_t reference with the latest available sensor data. You should call this function as often as you want to update your data.
```c++
void getSensor(sensor_t*);
```
Calling this function will provide some basic information about the sensor (the sensor name, driver version, min and max values, etc.
## Standardised SI values for `sensors_event_t`
A key part of the abstraction layer is the standardisation of values on SI units of a particular scale, which is accomplished via the data[4] union in sensors\_event\_t above. This 16 byte union includes fields for each main sensor type, and uses the following SI units and scales:
- **accele
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dafruit 统一传感器驱动程序 存在许多小型嵌入式系统来从传感器收集数据、分析数据并采取适当的措施或将传感器数据发送到另一个系统进行处理。 嵌入式系统设计面临的众多挑战之一是您今天使用的部件明天可能会停产,或者系统要求可能会发生变化,您可能需要选择不同的传感器。 创建新的驱动程序是一项相对容易的任务,但将它们集成到现有系统中既容易出错又耗时,因为传感器很少使用完全相同的测量单位。 通过将所有数据减少到单个sensors_event_t 'type' 并为每个传感器系列确定特定的标准化 SI 单位,相同的传感器类型返回的值可与任何其他类似传感器相媲美。这使您能够在对系统其余部分影响很小的情况下切换传感器模型,这有助于减轻传感器可用性和代码重用的一些风险和问题。 统一的传感器抽象层对于数据记录和数据传输也很有用,因为您只有一种众所周知的类型可以通过无线或有线记录或传输。 统一传感器驱动程序 以下驱动程序基于 Adafruit 统一传感器驱动程序: 加速度计 更多详情、使用方法,请下载后阅读README.md文件
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