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# ``premise`` <div style="text-align:center"> <img src="https://github.com/romainsacchi/premise/raw/master/docs/large.png" height="300"/> </div> # **PR**ospective **E**nviron**M**ental **I**mpact As**SE**ssment ## Coupling the ecoinvent database with projections from Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) <p align="center"> <a href="https://badge.fury.io/py/premise" target="_blank"><img src="https://badge.fury.io/py/premise.svg"></a> <a href="https://github.com/romainsacchi/premise" target="_blank"><img src="https://github.com/romainsacchi/premise/actions/workflows/main.yml/badge.svg?branch=master"></a> <a href="https://ci.appveyor.com/project/romainsacchi/premise" target="_blank"><img src="https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/github/romainsacchi/premise?svg=true"></a> <a href="https://coveralls.io/github/romainsacchi/premise" target="_blank"><img src="https://coveralls.io/repos/github/romainsacchi/premise/badge.svg"></a> <a href="https://premise.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank"><img src="https://readthedocs.org/projects/premise/badge/?version=latest"></a> </p> Previously named *rmnd-lca*. *rmnd-lca* was designed to work with the IAM model REMIND only. As it now evolves towards a more IAM-neutral approach, a change of name was considered. What's new in 0.2.0? ==================== * CODE-BREAKING CHANGES --> New workflow (please check [examples notebook](https://github.com/romainsacchi/premise/blob/master/examples/examples.ipynb)): better suited for creating several scenarios, as the original ecoinvent database and inventories are only loaded once. * `update_solar_PV()`: adjusts the efficiency of photovoltaic solar panels in ecoinvent according to the year of projection. * `update_cars()`: creates car inventories in line with the year of projection. Also creates new fleet average car transport and links it back to transport-consuming activities. * `update_trucks()`: creates truck inventories in line with the year of projection. Also creates new fleet average truck transport and links it back to transport-consuming activities. * `update_steel()`: creates regional steel markets instead of one "Global" one. For each regional market, the share of primary vs. secondary steel is adjusted/extrapolated based on recent statistics. These regional markets supply steel-consuming activities within their geographical scope, but also supplies the global steel market. Documentation ------------- [https://premise.readthedocs.io/en/latest/](https://premise.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) Objective --------- The objective is to produce life cycle inventories under future energy policies, by modifying the inventory database ecoinvent 3 to reflect projected energy policy trajectories. Requirements ------------ * **Python 3.9** * License for [ecoinvent 3][1] * Some IAM output files come with the library ("REMIND_xxx.csv" for REMIND, "IMAGE_xxxx.csv" for IMAGE) and are located by default in the subdirectory "/data/iam_output_files". **If you wish to use those files, you need to request (by [email](mailto:romain.sacchi@psi.ch)) an encryption key from the developers**. A file path can be specified to fetch IAM output files elsewhere on your computer. * [brightway2][2] (optional) How to install this package? ---------------------------- Two options: A development version with the latest advancements (but with the risks of unseen bugs), is available from Anaconda Cloud: conda install -c romainsacchi premise For a more stable and proven version, from Pypi: pip install premise will install the package and the required dependencies. Introduction ============ **premise** allows to align the life cycle inventories contained in the **ecoinvent 3.5, 3.6 and 3.7 cutoff** databases with the output results of Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) **[REMIND][3]** and **[IMAGE][4]**, in order to produce life cycle inventories under future policy scenarios (from business-as-usual to very ambitious climate scenarios) for any year between 2005 and 2100. Inputs ------ Either: * ecoinvent v.3.5, 3.6, 3.7 or 3.7.1 as a registered brightway2 database * ecoinvent v.3.5, 3.6, 3.7 or 3.7.1 as [ecospold2][5] files Transformations --------------- More specifically, **premise** will apply a series of transformation functions to ecoinvent. In the latest version (0.2.0), the following transformation functions are available: * **update_electricity()**: alignment of regional electricity production mixes as well as efficiencies for a number of electricity production technologies, including Carbon Capture and Storage technologies. * **update_cars()**: new passenger car inventories are created based on [carculator][17], fuel markets that supply passenger cars are adjusted according to the IAM projections, including penetration of bio- and synthetic fuels. Then, given a fleet composition, markets for passenger car transport are created. Finally, these transport markets link back to transport-consuming activities. * **update_trucks()**: new truck inventories are created based on [carculator_truck][18], fuel markets that supply trucks are adjusted according to the IAM projections, including penetration of bio- and synthetic fuels. Then, given a fleet composition, markets for truck transport are created. Finally, these transport markets link back to lorry transport-consuming activities. * **update_cement()**: adjustment of technologies for cement production (dry, semi-dry, wet, with pre-heater or not), fuel efficiency of kilns, fuel mix of kilns (including biomass and waste fuels) and clinker-to-cement ratio. * **update_steel()**: creation of regional low-alloy steel markets and correction/projection of primary vs. secondary steel supply. * **update_solar_PV()**: adjustment of solar PV modules efficiency, to reflect current (18-20%) and future (25%) efficiencies. However, whether or not these transformation functions can be applied will depend on the existence of the necessary variables in the IAM file you use as input. |Function |Implemented?|Description |REMIND|IMAGE|Other IAM|Comment | |--------------------------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|------|-----|---------|--------------------------------------| |update_electricity()| Yes | Aligns electricity markets and power plants efficiencies | Yes | Yes | No | | |update_cars() | Yes | Creates fleet average passenger cars as projected by the IAM | Yes | Yes | No | Uses default projection if the IAM does not provide a fleet projection. | |update_trucks() | Yes | Creates fleet average lorries as projected by the IAM | Yes | Yes | No | Uses default projection if the IAM does not provide a fleet projection. | |update_cement() | Yes | Aligns clinker and cement production and supply | Yes | Yes | Yes | Uses external data sources ([WBCSD][6] and [IEA][8])| |update_steel() | Yes | Aligns primary and secondary steel production and supply| Yes | No | No | Uses external data source ([BIR][19])| |update_metal_markets() | Not yet | Aligns share of metal extraction vs. recycling and and supply with IAM | No | No | No | | |update_solar_PV() | Yes | Aligns solar PV modules efficiency | Yes | Yes | Yes | Uses external data source ([PSI][7]) | The following REMIND IAM files come with the library: * SSP2 1. **Base:** counter-factual scenario with no climate policy implemented 2. **NPi** (*N*ational *P*olicies *i*mplemented): scenario  describes energy,  climate  and  economic  projections for the  period  until 2030, and equivale