The effects of engagement with a Trivia game on
driver’s sleepiness, situation awareness, and
adaptation in a PAV
Dan Boguslavsky, Hadas Chassidim, Jiaqi L, Avinoam Borowsky
Introduction
• PAD requires the driver ’s continuous supervision and
full and immediate control in case of an automation
failure.
• The driver is frequently found out-of-the-loop and only
performs prolonged monotonous monitoring with
little control.
• The driver might be in a cognitive underload that can
induce sleepiness and passive fatigue (Desmond and
Hancock, 2001), decrease vigilance, and impair the
driver’s capability to overtake the automation when
needed.
M.M.Minderhoud
McWilliams, T., & Ward, N. (2021)
• Previous studies had shown the negative effects of underload, sleepiness, and
vigilance decrease on driver’s performance (McWilliams & Ward,2021).
o failure to detect hazards
o slower response to critical events
o failure to overtake automation, etc.
• To prevent drivers from reaching this sleepy and degraded state, many
countermeasures in the form of a Non-Driving Related Tasks (NDRT) have been
proposed (Merat, Jamson, Lai & Carsten, 2012) .
o Reading, watching movies, eating, playing games,
texting, or talking on the phone, listening to music,
and many more (Naujoks, Befelein, Wiedemann
& Neukum, 2017).
Introduction (cont.)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
This study aims to:
• Examine whether an option to engage with an NDRT in the form of a Trivia game will stall
drivers' fatigue progression under PAD, both in the short and the long term.
• Examine whether drivers will adapt to using PAV with the system and interface proposed.
Answering these questions will allow a better understanding of whether and how to
mitigate the negative effects of passive fatigue in L2 driving.
Motivation and objectives
Research hypotheses
• Engagement with an NDRT of a Trivia game will stall
drivers’ fatigue progression under PAD.
• The Mediators’ HMI will allow better adaptation to
partially automated driving.
Method: participants
• Twenty-four participants, 12 females (Age: M=25.25, SD=2.83 years;
Driving experience: M=7.25, SD=2.7 years) and 12 males (Age:
M=27.3, SD=7.03 years; Driving experience: M=9.63, SD=7.26 years).
• Participants underwent visual acuity and contrast sensitivity tests to
ensure they had a normal or corrected-to-normal vision (above 6/9).
• Participants declared they do not suffer from any
cardiological problems, light sensitivity, or a tendency
to headaches and nausea.