【知识点详解】
1. **基本句子类型**
- **简单句**:仅包含一个主语和一个谓语,如例子中的"We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area"。
- **并列句**:由两个或多个独立的简单句通过并列连词(如and, but, or)连接而成,例如"(1) We took pity on the people... (2) Having suffered a number of health problems, former Olympic President Samaranch died..."。
- **复合句**:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句,如"The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options",其中"that not only...but also..."引导的是定语从句。
2. **长难句分析方法**
- **结构分析法**:首先判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句,然后找出主干成分(主语和谓语),接着分析各部分是独立成分还是从属成分(如定语、状语从句等)。
- **主干与修饰成分**:理解长难句的关键在于理清主干,主干是句子的核心,而修饰成分提供额外信息。例如:"Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates"是主干,"to help reduce unemployment pressures"是目的状语,提供了更多信息。
3. **复杂句处理技巧**
- **层层分析**:对于复杂的句子,可能包含多个从句,需要逐层剥离开来,先理解最内层的从句,然后逐渐扩展到外层。
- **识别从属连词**:如"because", "although", "if"等,它们引导的从句帮助理解句子的逻辑关系,例如:"Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage","whereas"引导对比从句。
4. **处理并列和主从复合句**
- 对于并列和主从复合句共存的情况,先理解并列的部分,然后处理主从关系,如:"you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language","who had the greatest effect..."是定语从句,修饰"one person"。
5. **高考阅读中的应用**
- 高考英语阅读理解部分,考生需面对各种长难句,熟练掌握分析技巧能提高理解效率和答题准确率。
- 练习题目如"(2009 江苏) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers",分析其主干和各成分,可以快速把握句子大意。
6. **备考策略**
- 熟悉各种从句类型,如定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等,以及它们在句子中的作用。
- 大量练习长难句解析,提高对复杂语言结构的敏感度和处理能力。
- 学会提炼句子核心信息,去除枝叶,迅速理解句子主旨。
通过上述知识点的学习和实践,考生可以更好地应对高考英语阅读中的长难句,提升阅读理解水平。