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MANUAL
LabVIEW Communications LTE
Application Framework 19.5
This document provides detailed, technical information about how to use LabVIEW
Communications LTE Application Framework.
Contents
1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 2
2 Scope ................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Operation Modes ........................................................................................... 4
2.2 PHY ............................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Frame Structure, Bandwidth Mode, CP Mode and Physical Resource Grid
5
2.2.2 PHY DL Channels and Signals ................................................................. 7
2.2.3 Physical UL Channels and Signals ......................................................... 16
2.3 MAC for Windows Host and FPGA ............................................................. 21
2.3.1 System Configuration ........................................................................... 21
2.3.2 DL Scheduling ....................................................................................... 21
2.3.3 UL Scheduling ....................................................................................... 22
2.3.4 DL MAC Packet for User-Defined Data ................................................. 23
2.3.5 UL MAC Packet for Feedback Information ........................................... 23
2.4 Interfacing PHY and MAC on Real-Time Targets ......................................... 26
2.4.1 PHY SAP ............................................................................................... 26
2.4.2 Confirmation Handling .......................................................................... 28
3 Implementation Details ...................................................................................... 32
3.1 Architecture ................................................................................................. 32
3.2 FPGA Implementation ................................................................................. 34
3.2.1 RF Interface .......................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 DL TX .................................................................................................... 36
3.2.3 DL RX .................................................................................................... 39
3.2.4 UL Transmitter ...................................................................................... 46
3.2.5 UL Receiver .......................................................................................... 46
3.2.6 Clocking Considerations ........................................................................ 47
3.3 Host Implementation ................................................................................... 48
2 | ni.com | LabVIEW Communications LTE Application Framework 19.5 Manual
3.3.1 Initialization, Synchronize Exit Condition and Cleanup .......................... 50
3.3.2 Configure RX/TX Baseband and RF ....................................................... 51
3.3.3 Synchronization and Automatic Gain Control ........................................ 51
3.3.4 Update Graphs and Indicators ............................................................... 51
3.3.5 Compute Throughput and Block Error Rate .......................................... 51
3.3.6 Update Dynamic DL Configuration (Includes Rate Adaptation) ............. 52
3.3.7 Receive UDP Data and Send UDP Data ................................................ 54
3.3.8 Select Constellation to Display .............................................................. 54
3.4 Real-Time (RT) Implementation Overview ................................................... 54
3.4.1 Transport Layer ..................................................................................... 54
3.4.2 Data Flow .............................................................................................. 55
3.4.3 Data Handling Loops ............................................................................. 56
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 57
5 Appendix ............................................................................................................ 58
5.1 LTE Application Framework PHY SAP Message Definitions ....................... 58
5.1.1 Message Numbering Schema ............................................................... 58
5.1.2 Used Message IDs ............................................................................... 59
5.1.3 General Message Header (Applies to All Messages) ............................ 60
5.1.4 SAP Sub-header .................................................................................... 61
5.1.5 Messages ............................................................................................. 61
5.2 Component and Namespace Layout ........................................................... 74
5.2.1 Component Layout ............................................................................... 74
5.2.2 Namespacing ........................................................................................ 74
5.2.3 Extension of the Framework ................................................................. 75
6 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 75
7 Bibliography ....................................................................................................... 77
1 Introduction
LTE Application Framework provides a ready-to-run, easily modifiable real-time
physical layer (PHY) and lower medium access control (MAC)-layer reference design
based on the long-term evolution (LTE) wireless standard. The application framework
is available with LabVIEW Communications System Design Suite (LabVIEW
Communications).
This application framework provides a substantial starting point for researchers
looking for ways to improve the LTE standard by exploring brand-new algorithms and
LabVIEW Communications LTE Application Framework 19.5 Manual | © National Instruments | 3
architectures that can support the tremendous increase of the number of terminals,
inventing new waveforms by which to modulate and demodulate the signals, or
finding new multi-antenna architectures that fully exploit the degrees of freedom in
the wireless medium.
The application framework is comprised of modular PHY and MAC blocks
implemented using LabVIEW Communications. It is designed to run on the powerful
Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA and an Intel x64 general purpose processor, which are tightly
integrated with the RF and analog front ends of the NI software defined radio (SDR)
hardware.
The framework is designed from the ground up for easy modifiability, while adhering
to the main specifications of the LTE standard. This design allows wireless
researchers to quickly get their real-time prototyping laboratory set up and running
based on the LTE standard. They can then primarily focus on selected aspects of the
protocol that they wish to improve, and easily modify the design and compare their
innovations with the existing standards.
2 Scope
The application framework provides the functional elements of the PHY layer as well
as the MAC layer of both base station (eNodeB) and user equipment (UE). This code
includes the following elements:
o Downlink (DL) transmission (TX) and reception (RX)
o Uplink (UL) TX and RX
Additionally, basic MAC functionalities are provided which allow for the following
features:
o Packet-based user data transmission in DL, enabling user data streaming
applications
o Feedback of DL channel state information and DL (hybrid automatic repeat
request (HARQ)) acknowledgment (ACK)/negative acknowledgement (NACK)
through the UL
o Basic adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), which includes link adaptation in
DL, enabling DL closed loop operations
The following subsections describe in more detail which principal operation modes
are provided by the application framework and which specific subset of PHY and
MAC functionalities of a 3
rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE release 10
compliant system is implemented.
Deviations and simplifications with respect to the 3GPP LTE release 10 standard are
also described here. They have been applied to keep the complexity of the
application framework at a reasonable level.
4 | ni.com | LabVIEW Communications LTE Application Framework 19.5 Manual
2.1 Operation Modes
The application framework offers three operation modes, as depicted in Figure 1.
These three operation modes are provided by the following pairs of top-level host
and FPGA implementations:
o Downlink
o Can be used to establish a DL in either a single-device setup or a
double-device setup.
o Implements the DL TX of an eNodeB and the DL RX of a UE including
the basic DL TX and DL RX MAC functionalities
o In a single-device setup, a special
MAC shortcut
(refer to Figure 18 in
section Error! Reference source not found.) allows for DL AMC (rate
adaptation) even without a real UL feedback channel
o Top-level host VI: LTE Host DL.gvi
o The top-level FPGA VI is one of the following VIs:
LTE FPGA FlexRIO DL.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 40 MHz BW DL.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 120 MHz BW DL.gvi
o eNodeB
o Provides the eNodeB side in a double-device setup.
o Implements the DL TX and the UL RX of an eNodeB including the basic
eNB MAC functionalities (refer to the upper part of Figure 19)
o Top-level host VI: LTE Host eNodeB.gvi
o The top-level FPGA VI is one of the following VIs:
LTE FPGA FlexRIO eNodeB.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 40 MHz BW eNodeB.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 120 MHz BW eNodeB.gvi
o UE
o Provides the UE side in a double-device setup
o Implements the DL RX and the UL TX of a UE including the basic UE
MAC functionalities (refer to the lower part of Figure 19)
o Top-level host VI: LTE Host UE.gvi
o The top-level FPGA VI is one of the following VIs:
LTE FPGA FlexRIO UE.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 40 MHz BW UE.gvi
LTE FPGA USRP RIO 120 MHz BW UE.gvi
Figure 1: System Configurations (Host and Associated FPGA Code)
LabVIEW Communications LTE Application Framework 19.5 Manual | © National Instruments | 5
The DL operation mode can be used either in a single-device setup or in a double-
device setup. The eNodeB/UE operation modes require a double-device setup.
2.2 PHY
The application framework implements parts of a 3GPP-LTE release 10 compliant DL
and UL PHY TX and RX. To keep the complexity of this application framework at a
reasonably low level, only a subset of the physical layer features defined for 3GPP-
LTE release 10 compliant devices is implemented. This subset also includes feature
simplifications and limitations of the configurability of the implemented PHY
features, for example, specific configuration parameters are fixed to single values,
and others are only quasi-statically configurable. Notice that fixed parameter settings
can only be changed by modifying the design.
The following subsections give a detailed overview over the implemented PHY
features, used simplifications, and (potentially restricted) PHY configuration
capabilities with respect to the 3GPP LTE releases 10 specifications.
2.2.1 Frame Structure, Bandwidth Mode, CP Mode and Physical
Resource Grid
The application framework supports the following (partially fixed) configurations:
o Bandwidth mode: 20 MHz (100 physical resource blocks (PRBs))
o Cyclic prefix (CP) configuration: Normal cyclic prefix
o Frame Structure:
• Type 1—Frame structure type 1 (FDD)
• Type 2—Frame structure type 2 (TDD)
o TDD UL-DL configuration: 5
o Special subframe configuration: 5
The detailed radio frame structure for both frame structure types is shown in Figure
2. Each radio frame is 10 ms long and consists of 10 subframes. Each subframe has
a length of 1 ms, which comprises 30,720 complex time-domain baseband samples
sampled at a rate of 30.72 MS/s, which is valid for the 20 MHz LTE bandwidth mode.
The related sample period
Ts
is (1/30.72e6) s. The types of subframes vary with the
subframe index in dependence on the selected radio frame type. DL subframes (D)
are reserved for DL transmissions; UL subframes (U) are reserved for UL
transmissions. Special subframes (S) are used with TDD only. For TDD UL-DL
configuration 5, which is supported by the application framework, there is only one
special subframe per radio frame. Special subframes consists of the following fields:
o DwPTS—DL pilot time slot
• Reserved for DL transmission
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