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ASP.NET Technique

1. Building ASP.NET Pages

ASP.NET and the .NET Framework

ASP.NET is part of Microsoft's overall .NET framework, which contains a vast set of

programming classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. In the

following two sections, you learn how ASP.NET fits within the .NET framework, and you

learn about the languages you can use in your ASP.NET pages.

The .NET Framework Class Library

Imagine that you are Microsoft. Imagine that you have to support multiple

programming languages—such as Visual Basic, JScript, and C++. A great deal of the

functionality of these programming languages overlaps. For example, for each language,

you would have to include methods for accessing the file system, working with databases,

and manipulating strings.

Furthermore, these languages contain similar programming constructs. Every

language, for example, can represent loops and conditionals. Even though the syntax of a

conditional written in Visual Basic differs from the syntax of a conditional written in C++,

the programming function is the same.

Finally, most programming languages have similar variable data types. In most

languages, you have some means of representing strings and integers, for example. The

maximum and minimum size of an integer might depend on the language, but the basic

data type is the same.

Maintaining all this functionality for multiple languages requires a lot of work. Why

keep reinventing the wheel? Wouldn't it be easier to create all this functionality once and

use it for every language?

The .NET Framework Class Library does exactly that. It consists of a vast set of

classes designed to satisfy any conceivable programming need. For example, the .NET

framework contains classes for handling database access, working with the file system,

manipulating text, and generating graphics. In addition, it contains more specialized classes

for performing tasks such as working with regular expressions and handling network

protocols.

The .NET framework, furthermore, contains classes that represent all the basic

variable data types such as strings, integers, bytes, characters, and arrays.

Most importantly, for purposes of this book, the .NET Framework Class Library

contains classes for building ASP.NET pages. You need to understand, however, that you

can access any of the .NET framework classes when you are building your ASP.NET

pages.

Understanding Namespaces

As you might guess, the .NET framework is huge. It contains thousands of classes

(over 3,400). Fortunately, the classes are not simply jumbled together. The classes of

the .NET framework are organized into a hierarchy of namespaces.

ASP Classic Note

In previous versions of Active Server Pages, you had access to only five standard

classes (the Response, Request, Session, Application, and Server objects). ASP.NET, in

contrast, provides you with access to over 3,400 classes!

A namespace is a logical grouping of classes. For example, all the classes that relate

to working with the file system are gathered together into the System.IO namespace.

The namespaces are organized into a hierarchy (a logical tree). At the root of the tree

is the System namespace. This namespace contains all the classes for the base data types,

such as strings and arrays. It also contains classes for working with random numbers and

dates and times.

You can uniquely identify any class in the .NET framework by using the full

namespace of the class. For example, to uniquely refer to the class that represents a file

system file (the File class), you would use the following:

System.IO.File

System.IO refers to the namespace, and File refers to the particular class.

NOTE

You can view all the namespaces of the standard classes in the .NET Framework

Class Library by viewing the Reference Documentation for the .NET Framework.

Standard ASP.NET Namespaces

The classes contained in a select number of namespaces are available in your

ASP.NET pages by default. (You must explicitly import other namespaces.) These default

namespaces contain classes that you use most often in your ASP.NET applications:

System— Contains all the base data types and other useful classes such as those

related to generating random numbers and working with dates and times.

System.Collections— Contains classes for working with standard collection types

such as hash tables, and array lists.

System.Collections.Specialized—Contains classes that represent specialized

collections such as linked lists and string collections.

System.Configuration— Contains classes for working with configuration files

(Web.config files).

System.Text— Contains classes for encoding, decoding, and manipulating the

contents of strings.

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