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c 语言函数库

第一章（ C 标准库）......................................................................................................................................................................................4

1. <assert.h>：诊断.........................................................................................................................................................................................4

2. <ctype.h>：字符类别测试...............................................................................................................................................................5

3. <errno.h>：错误处理............................................................................................................................................................................ ..5

4. <limits.h> ：整型常量............................................................................................................................................................................6

5. <locale.h>：地域环境............................................................................................................................................................................6

6. <math.h>：数学函数............................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7. <setjmp.h>：非局部跳转......................................................................................................................................................... .........8

8. <signal.h>：信号..........................................................................................................................................................................................9

9. <stdarg.h>：可变参数表................................................................................................................................................................11

10. <stddef.h>：公共定义...................................................................................................................................................................11

11. <stdio.h>：输入输出...................................................................................................................................................... ............. ....12

12. <stdlib.h>：实用函数......................................................................................................................................................................13

13. <time.h>：日期与时间函数..................................................................................................................................... ..............13

第二章（ IO 函数）.....................................................................................................................................................................................................14

clearerr：复位错误标志函数..........................................................................................................................................................................15

feof：检测文件结束符函数...............................................................................................................................................................................16

ferror：检测流上的错误函数..........................................................................................................................................................................17

fflush：清除文件缓冲区函数..........................................................................................................................................................................18

fgetc：从流中读取字符函数.................................................................................................................................................................. .........19

fgetpos：取得当前文件的句柄函数.....................................................................................................................................................20

fgets：从流中读取字符串函数................................................................................................................................................................ ....21

fopen、 fclose：文件的打开与关闭函数.....................................................................................................................................22

fprintf ：格式化输出函数.....................................................................................................................................................................................23

fputc：向流中输出字符函数.................................................................................................................................................................. .........25

fputs：向流中输出字符串函数................................................................................................................................................................ ....25

fread：从流中读取字符串函数....................................................................................................................................................... ............26

freopen：替换文件中数据流函数.............................................................................................................................................. .............27

fscanf：格式化输入函数.................................................................................................................................................................................. ....28

fseek：文件指针定位函数............................................................................................................................................................................... ..28

fsetpos：定位流上的文件指针函数........................................................................................................................................... ..........30

ftell ：返回当前文件指针位置函数....................................................................................................................................................... .31

fwrite：向文件写入数据函数..........................................................................................................................................................................31

getc：从流中读取字符函数................................................................................................................................................................. ............32

getchar：从标准输入文件中读取字符函数............................................................................................................................ ...33

gets：从标准输入文件中读取字符串函数........................................................................................................................... .......34

perror：打印系统错误信息函数............................................................................................................................................... .................34

printf ：产生格式化输出的函数..................................................................................................................................................................35

putc：向指定流中输出字符函数............................................................................................................................................................. ..36

putchar：向标准输出文件上输出字符................................................................................................................................ .............37

puts：将字符串输出到终端函数............................................................................................................................................................. ..37

remove：删除文件函数.................................................................................................................................................................................... ....38

rename：重命名文件函数.................................................................................................................................................................................38

rewind：重置文件指针函数........................................................................................................................................................................... ..39

scanf：格式化输入函数................................................................................................................................................................................. .......40

setbuf、 setvbuf：指定文件流的缓冲区函数........................................................................................................................41

sprintf：向字符串写入格式化数据函数..........................................................................................................................................42

sscanf：从缓冲区中读格式化字符串函数........................................................................................................................... .......42

tmpfile：创建临时文件函数.............................................................................................................................................................................43

tmpnam：创建临时文件名函数.................................................................................................................................................................44

ungetc：把字符退回到输入流函数.................................................................................................................................................... ...44

第三章（字符处理函数）............................................................................................................................................................... .......46

isalnum：检查字符是否是字母或数字........................................................................................................................... .................46

isalpha：检查字符是否是字母....................................................................................................................................................................47

isascii：检查字符是否是 ASCII 码....................................................................................................................................................48

iscntrl：检查字符是否是控制字符..........................................................................................................................................................48

isdigit ：检查字符是否是数字字符........................................................................................................................................................49

isgraph：检查字符是否是可打印字符（不含空格）............................................................................................. .....50

islower：检查字符是否是小写字母......................................................................................................................................................50

isprint：检查字符是否是可打印字符（含空格）.......................................................................................................... ....51

ispunct：检查字符是否是标点字符.....................................................................................................................................................52

isspace：检查字符是否是空格符.............................................................................................................................................. .............52

isupper：检查字符是否是大写字母.....................................................................................................................................................53

isxdigit ：检查字符是否是十六进制数字字符........................................................................................................................54

toascii：将字符转换为 ASCII 码...........................................................................................................................................................54

tolower：将大写字母转换为小写字母..............................................................................................................................................55

toupper：将小写字母转换为大写字母.......................................................................................................................................... ...56

第四章（字符串函数）.............................................................................................................................................................................56

atof：字符串转浮点型函数...............................................................................................................................................................................57

atoi：字符串转整型函数......................................................................................................................................................................................58

atol：字符串转长整型函数...............................................................................................................................................................................58

memchr：字符搜索函数......................................................................................................................................................................................59

memcmp：字符串比较函数............................................................................................................................................................................60

memcpy：字符串拷贝函数............................................................................................................................................................................61

memmove：字块移动函数.............................................................................................................................................................................62

memset：字符加载函数.......................................................................................................................................................................................63

strcat：字符串连接函数........................................................................................................................................................................................64

strchr：字符串中字符首次匹配函数.......................................................................................................................................... .........64

strcmp：字符串比较函数....................................................................................................................................................................................65

strcpy：字符串拷贝函数.................................................................................................................................................................................. ....66

strcspn：字符集逆匹配函数...........................................................................................................................................................................67

strdup：字符串新建拷贝函数..................................................................................................................................................................... ..68

strerror：字符串错误信息函数....................................................................................................................................................................69

strlen：计算字符串长度函数.........................................................................................................................................................................70

strlwr：字符串小写转换函数..........................................................................................................................................................................71

strncat：字符串连接函数....................................................................................................................................................................................71

strncmp：字符串子串比较函数.................................................................................................................................................................72

strncpy：字符串子串拷贝函数....................................................................................................................................................................73

strpbrk：字符集字符匹配函数.....................................................................................................................................................................74

strrchr：字符串中字符末次匹配函数.................................................................................................................................................75

strrev：字符串倒转函数.............................................................................................................................................................................. .........76

strset：字符串设定函数........................................................................................................................................................................................77

strspn：字符集匹配函数......................................................................................................................................................................................78

strstr：字符串匹配函数................................................................................................................................................................................... ......79

strtod：字符串转换成双精度函数............................................................................................................................................ ..............79

strtok：字符串分隔函数........................................................................................................................................................................................81

strtol：字符串转换成长整型函数.............................................................................................................................................................82

strtoul：字符串转换成无符号长整型函数...................................................................................................................................83

strupr：字符串大写转换函数....................................................................................................................................................................... .84

第五章（数学函数）....................................................................................................................................................................................85

abs、 labs、 fabs：求绝对值函数........................................................................................................................................................86

acos：反余弦函数......................................................................................................................................................................................................87

asin：反正弦函数........................................................................................................................................................................................................87

atan：反正切函数.........................................................................................................................................................................................................88

atan2：反正切函数 2......................................................................................................................................................................... ....................88

ceil：向上舍入函数......................................................................................................................................................................................................89

cos ：余弦函数..................................................................................................................................................................................................................89

cosh：双曲余弦函数...............................................................................................................................................................................................90

div、 ldiv ：除法函数................................................................................................................................................................................................90

exp：求 e 的 x 次幂函数.....................................................................................................................................................................................92

floor：向下舍入函数..................................................................................................................................................................................................92

fmod：求模函数...............................................................................................................................................................................................................93

frexp：分解浮点数函数.........................................................................................................................................................................................93

hypot：求直角三角形斜边长函数...........................................................................................................................................................94

ldexp：装载浮点数函数................................................................................................................................................................................ ........94

log、 log10：对数函数..........................................................................................................................................................................................95

modf：分解双精度数函数..................................................................................................................................................................................96

pow、pow10：指数函数.................................................................................................................................................................................. ...96

rand：产生随机整数函数....................................................................................................................................................................................97

sin：正弦函数......................................................................................................................................................................................................................97

sinh：双曲正弦函数.................................................................................................................................................................................................98

sqrt：开平方函数............................................................................................................................................................................................................98

srand：设置随机时间的种子函数..........................................................................................................................................................99

tan：正切函数.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... .....100

tanh：双曲正切函数............................................................................................................................................................................................ ...100

第六章（时间和日期函数）............................................................................................................................................... ............101

asctime：日期和时间转换函数..............................................................................................................................................................101

clock：测定运行时间函数....................................................................................................................................................................... .......102

ctime：时间转换函数............................................................................................................................................................................................103

difftime ：计算时间差函数............................................................................................................................................................................103

gmtime：将日历时间转换为 GMT................................................................................................................................. ...........104

localtime：把日期和时间转变为结构............................................................................................................................................105

mktime：时间类型转换函数.......................................................................................................................................................................105

time：获取系统时间函数.................................................................................................................................................................................107

第七章（其它函数）.................................................................................................................................................................................107

abort：异常终止进程函数....................................................................................................................................................................... .......107

atexit：注册终止函数............................................................................................................................................................................................108

bsearch：二分搜索函数...................................................................................................................................................................................109

calloc：分配主存储器函数........................................................................................................................................................... .................110

exit：正常终止进程函数....................................................................................................................................................................................111

free：释放内存函数.................................................................................................................................................................................................112

getenv：获取环境变量................................................................................................................................................................ .......................113

malloc：动态分配内存函数................................................................................................................................................................... .......113

qsort：快速排序函数.............................................................................................................................................................................................114

realloc：重新分配主存函数..........................................................................................................................................................................115

第一章（ C 标准库）

1. <assert.h>：诊断

2. <ctype.h>：字符类别测试

3. <errno.h> ：错误处理

4. <limits.h> ：整型常量

5. <locale.h>：地域环境

6. <math.h> ：数学函数

7. <setjmp.h> ：非局部跳转

8. <signal.h>：信号

9. <stdarg.h> ：可变参数表

10. <stddef.h>：公共定义

11. <stdio.h>：输入输出