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TL494是一款具有完整脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电源控制电路功能的集成电路。该集成电路主要设计用于电源控制，特别适用于需要对电源控制电路进行特定应用定制的场合。TL494包含两个错误放大器，一个可调整的内部振荡器，一个死区时间控制(DTC)比较器，一个脉冲引导控制触发器，一个5伏、5%精度的参考电压调节器，以及输出控制电路。该器件的两个错误放大器具有从-0.3伏到VCC-2伏的共模电压范围。死区时间控制比较器具有一个固定的偏移量，大约提供了5%的死区时间。内部振荡器可以通过将RT终止到参考输出并提供一个斜波输入到CT来旁路，或者它可以驱动同步多轨电源的公共电路。未使用的输出晶体管提供了共发射极或发射极跟随器输出能力。 TL494器件支持推挽或单端输出操作，通过输出控制功能可以选择。该器件的结构阻止了在推挽操作中任何输出被两次脉冲的可能性。TL494C设备的性能特征适用于0°C至70°C的操作温度范围。而TL494I设备的性能特征适用于-40°C至85°C的操作温度范围。 TL494在多种应用中都有应用，包括台式电脑、微波炉、电源供应器（交流/直流，隔离型，带功率因数校正(PFC)，功率大于90瓦）、服务器电源、太阳能微型逆变器、洗衣机（低端和高端）、电动自行车、不带PFC的交流/直流电源供应器（功率小于90瓦）、电信/服务器交流/直流电源（双控制器：模拟）、烟雾探测器和太阳能逆变器等。 TL494提供完整的PWM电源控制功能，内部电路设计禁止了输出双脉冲的可能性，同时允许可变死区时间控制以覆盖整个范围。其内部5V参考电压调节器具有5%的容差，确保了参考电压的稳定性。器件的引脚排列图可以帮助工程师和爱好者更直观地了解各个引脚的功能和连接方式。 TL494是美国德州仪器公司生产的一款高性能PWM控制芯片，广泛应用于电源管理领域。它提供了必要的功能来构建PWM控制电路，如电源供应控制，以及特定应用的定制。此芯片的灵活性和稳定性使其成为电源设计中不可或缺的一部分，特别是在需要高精度和可靠性的场合。通过透彻理解TL494的内部结构和外部应用，可以有效地将其应用于各种电子设计中，从而实现高效和精确的电源控制。

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TL494

SLVS074G –JANUARY 1983–REVISED JANUARY 2015

TL494 Pulse-Width-Modulation Control Circuits

1 Features 3 Description

The TL494 device incorporates all the functions

• Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry

required in the construction of a pulse-width-

• Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or

modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip.

Source Current

Designed primarily for power-supply control, this

• Output Control Selects Single-Ended or

device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply

control circuitry to a specific application.

Push-Pull Operation

• Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at

The TL494 device contains two error amplifiers, an

Either Output

on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control

(DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a

• Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over

5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control

Total Range

circuits.

• Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V

The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage

Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance

range from –0.3 V to V

– 2 V. The dead-time

• Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization

control comparator has a fixed offset that provides

approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator

2 Applications

can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference

output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can

• Desktop PCs

drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail

• Microwave Ovens

power supplies.

• Power Supplies: AC/DC, Isolated,

The uncommitted output transistors provide either

With PFC, > 90 W

common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability.

• Server PSUs

The TL494 device provides for push-pull or single-

• Solar Micro-Inverters

ended output operation, which can be selected

through the output-control function. The architecture

• Washing Machines: Low-End and High-End

of this device prohibits the possibility of either output

• E-Bikes

being pulsed twice during push-pull operation.

• Power Supplies: AC/DC, Isolated,

The TL494C device is characterized for operation

No PFC, < 90 W

from 0°C to 70°C. The TL494I device is characterized

• Power: Telecom/Server AC/DC Supplies:

for operation from –40°C to 85°C.

Dual Controller: Analog

• Smoke Detectors

Device Information

(1)

PART NUMBER PACKAGE (PIN) BODY SIZE

• Solar Power Inverters

SOIC (16) 9.90 mm × 3.91 mm

PDIP (16) 19.30 mm × 6.35 mm

TL494

SOP (16) 10.30 mm × 5.30 mm

TSSOP (16) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm

(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at

the end of the data sheet.

4 Pinout Drawing

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,

intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

TL494

SLVS074G –JANUARY 1983–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Table of Contents

7.13 Typical Characteristics............................................ 7

1 Features.................................................................. 1

8 Parameter Measurement Information .................. 8

2 Applications ........................................................... 1

9 Detailed Description............................................ 10

3 Description ............................................................. 1

9.1 Overview ................................................................. 10

4 Pinout Drawing....................................................... 1

9.2 Functional Block Diagram ....................................... 10

5 Revision History..................................................... 2

9.3 Feature Description................................................. 10

6 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3

9.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 12

7 Specifications......................................................... 4

10 Application and Implementation........................ 13

7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4

10.1 Application Information.......................................... 13

7.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4

10.2 Typical Application ............................................... 13

7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4

11 Power Supply Recommendations ..................... 20

7.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 4

12 Layout................................................................... 20

7.5 Electrical Characteristics, Reference Section........... 5

12.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 20

7.6 Electrical Characteristics, Oscillator Section............. 5

12.2 Layout Example .................................................... 21

7.7 Electrical Characteristics, Error-Amplifier Section .... 5

13 Device and Documentation Support ................. 21

7.8 Electrical Characteristics, Output Section................. 6

13.1 Trademarks ........................................................... 21

7.9 Electrical Characteristics, Dead-Time Control

Section ....................................................................... 6

13.2 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 21

7.10 Electrical Characteristics, PWM Comparator

13.3 Glossary ................................................................ 21

Section ....................................................................... 6

14 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable

7.11 Electrical Characteristics, Total Device................... 6

Information ........................................................... 21

7.12 Switching Characteristics........................................ 6

5 Revision History

Changes from Revision F (January 2014) to Revision G Page

• Added Applications, Device Information table, Pin Functions table, ESD Ratings table, Thermal Information table, ,

Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply

Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical,

Packaging, and Orderable Information section. ..................................................................................................................... 1

Changes from Revision E (February 2005) to Revision F Page

• Updated document to new TI data sheet format - no specification changes. ........................................................................ 1

• Removed Ordering Information table. .................................................................................................................................... 1

• Added ESD warning. ............................................................................................................................................................ 21

Product Folder Links: TL494

TL494

SLVS074G –JANUARY 1983–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

7 Specifications

7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

(1)

MIN MAX UNIT

Supply voltage

(2)

41 V

Amplifier input voltage V

+ 0.3 V

Collector output voltage 41 V

Collector output current 250 mA

Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds 260 °C

stg

Storage temperature range –65 150 °C

(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings

only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating

Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

(2) All voltages are with respect to the network ground terminal.

7.2 ESD Ratings

MAX UNIT

Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001, all pins 500

(ESD)

Electrostatic discharge V

Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-

200

C101, all pins

7.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

MIN MAX UNIT

Supply voltage 7 40 V

Amplifier input voltage –0.3 V

– 2 V

Collector output voltage 40 V

Collector output current (each transistor) 200 mA

Current into feedback terminal 0.3 mA

OSC

Oscillator frequency 1 300 kHz

Timing capacitor 0.47 10000 nF

Timing resistor 1.8 500 kΩ

TL494C 0 70

Operating free-air temperature °C

TL494I –40 85

7.4 Thermal Information

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

PARAMETER TL494 UNIT

D DB N NS PW

Package thermal

θJA

73 82 67 64 108 °C/W

impedance

(1)(2)

(1) Maximum power dissipation is a function of T

(max), θ

, and T

. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient

temperature is P

= (T

(max) – T

) / θ

. Operating at the absolute maximum T

of 150°C can affect reliability.

(2) The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7.

Product Folder Links: TL494

( )

n 1

x X

N 1

s =

TL494

www.ti.com

SLVS074G –JANUARY 1983–REVISED JANUARY 2015

7.5 Electrical Characteristics, Reference Section

over recommended operating free-air temperature range, V

= 15 V, f = 10 kHz (unless otherwise noted)

TL494C, TL494I

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS

(1)

UNIT

MIN TYP

(2)

MAX

Output voltage (REF) I

= 1 mA 4.75 5 5.25 V

Input regulation V

= 7 V to 40 V 2 25 mV

Output regulation I

= 1 mA to 10 mA 1 15 mV

Output voltage change with temperature ΔT

= MIN to MAX 2 10 mV/V

Short-circuit output current

(3)

REF = 0 V 25 mA

(1) For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.

(2) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at T

= 25°C.

(3) Duration of short circuit should not exceed one second.

7.6 Electrical Characteristics, Oscillator Section

= 0.01 μF, R

= 12 kΩ (see Figure 5)

TL494C, TL494I

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS

(1)

UNIT

MIN TYP

(2)

MAX

Frequency 10 kHz

Standard deviation of frequency

(3)

All values of V

, C

, R

, and T

constant 100 Hz/kHz

Frequency change with voltage V

= 7 V to 40 V, T

= 25°C 1 Hz/kHz

Frequency change with temperature

(4)

ΔT

= MIN to MAX 10 Hz/kHz

(1) For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions.

(2) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at T

= 25°C.

(3) Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula:

(4) Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account.

7.7 Electrical Characteristics, Error-Amplifier Section

See Figure 6

TL494C, TL494I

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS UNIT

MIN TYP

(1)

MAX

Input offset voltage V

(FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 2 10 mV

Input offset current V

(FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 25 250 nA

Input bias current V

(FEEDBACK) = 2.5 V 0.2 1 μA

Common-mode input voltage range V

= 7 V to 40 V –0.3 to V

– 2 V

Open-loop voltage amplification ΔV

= 3 V, V

= 0.5 V to 3.5 V, R

= 2 kΩ 70 95 dB

Unity-gain bandwidth V

= 0.5 V to 3.5 V, R

= 2 kΩ 800 kHz

Common-mode rejection ratio ΔV

= 40 V, T

= 25°C 65 80 dB

Output sink current (FEEDBACK) V

= –15 mV to –5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 0.7 V 0.3 0.7 mA

Output source current (FEEDBACK) V

= 15 mV to 5 V, V (FEEDBACK) = 3.5 V –2 mA

(1) All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at T

= 25°C.

Product Folder Links: TL494

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