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黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

摘要

随着时代前进以及高新科技的不断开发与利用，传统形式的手中作业已经不能完

全满足于日益激烈变化的发展需求，尤其是在农业方面也呈现出机械自动化的形式，

本文所提到的地膜回收就是当今相对较为典型的应用，其可基于回收时机进行有效归

类也就是所谓的苗期、秋收时期，其中尤其是大豆种植方面，其成熟的地膜回收呈现

出各式各样的疑难问题，故本文针对于相应的秋季收割时期进行了切实有效的地膜回

收机的设计与分析。

本文所提出的高效形式的地膜回收机具体可以归结为起膜、弹齿、膜齿分离、压

膜以及相应的传动装置的相关设计工作，其中，相应的起膜装置需要有效凭借托膜铲

以及相应的松土器协同配合并在拖拉机牵引下完成相应的松土以及切土的一系列操作；

相应的弹齿装置能够基于转轴进行相应的运转，相应的齿针需要挂带残膜当中，与别

的部件进行协调运作；相应的压膜装置内部的长槽与齿针进行有效配合，确保所谓的

残膜不产出回带的现象；相应的齿膜分离需要有效凭借梳型缝隙实现残膜完成相对有

效的脱离，从而使其进入到相应的集膜箱；弹齿装置的具体动力来源于传动装置。本

文所提出的大豆地膜回收机在一定程度上能够切实有效解决并处理好残膜遗漏的现象，

可将相应的回收率实现有效提升。

关键词：地膜；回收机；托膜铲；弹齿装置

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

III

ABSTRACT

With the passage of time and the continuous development and use of high technology,

traditional forms of work can no longer fully meet the increasingly stringent development

needs, especially in the form of automation of agricultural machinery, the report mentioned

in the section “Film Recycling” says. This is a relatively typical application today and can

be effectively classified according to the recovery time, the so-called seedling period and

the autumn harvest period. In particular, when planting soybeans there are various problems

with the recovery of mature film, therefore, the design and analysis of an efficient film

processing machine is carried out during the corresponding autumn harvest period.

The high-performance membrane membrane recovery machine proposed in accordance

with the present invention may be specifically related to film formation work, spring teeth,

separation of membrane teeth, lamination and the associated design work of the

corresponding transmitting device, in which the appropriate device for cleaning the film

should effectively maintained. The shovel and the corresponding ripper interact with the

tractor to complete the corresponding loose soil and a series of soil cutting operations, the

corresponding device with an elastic tooth can perform the corresponding operations in

accordance with the rotating shaft, the corresponding toothed needle should suspend the

residual film, and the components work in concert; The long groove inside the appropriate

lamination device is effectively aligned with the dental needle to ensure that the so-called

residual film does not lead to the return of the strap, and proper separation of the dental

membrane is necessary for effective performance through the crest-shaped slot. Relatively

efficient separation allows it to flow into the corresponding concentrating tank, the specific

power of the spring reducer comes from the transmission. The soybean membrane

extraction machine proposed in this article can, to a certain degree, effectively resolve and

eliminate the residual phenomenon of the residual film and can effectively improve the

corresponding degree of extraction.

Key words: Plastic film；Recycling machine；TuoMoChan；Spring-tooth device

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

摘要 ......................................................................................................................................Ⅰ

Abstract............................................................................................................................Ⅱ

第 1 章绪论......................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 课题的研究背景................................................................................................................................1

1.2 国内外地膜回收机研究现状......................................................................................................1

1.2.1 国外研究现状.................................................................................................................1

1.2.2 国内研究现状.................................................................................................................2

1.3 课题研究的目的和意义................................................................................................................3

1.4 课题研究的主要内容.....................................................................................................................4

1.5 地膜回收机存在的问题及发展趋势.......................................................................................4

1.5.1 地膜回收机存在的问题..............................................................................................4

1.5.2 地膜回收机的发展趋势..............................................................................................5

第 2 章大豆地膜回收机总体方案设计......................................................................................6

2.1 大豆地膜回收机设计概述...........................................................................................................6

2.1.1 设计要求...........................................................................................................................6

2.1.2 设计内容...........................................................................................................................6

2.1.3 预期达到的目标.....................................................................................6

2.2 工艺分析...............................................................................................................................................7

2.3 总体方案设计....................................................................................................................................7

2.3.1 地膜回收机工作原理的设计 ...................................................................................7

2.3.2 地膜回收机工作装置的设计 ...................................................................................8

2.4 本章小结..............................................................................................................................................9

第 3 章起膜装置设计 ..........................................................................................................................11

3.1 起膜装置方案设计........................................................................................................................11

3.2 起膜装置几何参数和工作参数的确定.................................................................................11

3.3 松土器的设计 .................................................................................................................................12

3.4 托膜铲的设计 .....................................................................................................13

黑龙江工程学院本科生毕业设计

3.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................14

第 4 章弾齿装置的设计.............................................................................................15

4.1 功能分析 .............................................................................................................15

4.2 轴的设计 ...........................................................................................................................................15

4.3 轴承的选用与校核..............................................................................................18

4.4 拾膜轮的设计..................................................................................................................................18

4.5 本章小结 ...........................................................................................................................................19

第 5 章压膜、膜齿分离机构设计 ..........................................................................20

5.1 功能分析............................................................................................................................................20

5.2 压膜装置的设计 ............................................................................................................................20

5.3 膜齿分离装置的设计...................................................................................................................20

5.4 悬挂装置的设计 ............................................................................................................................22

5.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................25

第 6 章地膜存储装置的设计....................................................................................26

6.1 功能分析 ...........................................................................................................................................26

6.2 集膜箱的结构设计 .......................................................................................................................26

6.3 本章小结 .............................................................................................................26

第 7 章传动系统的设计............................................................................................28

7.1 功能分析 ...........................................................................................................................................28

7.2 链传动的设计 .....................................................................................................28

7.3 动力轴的设计 .................................................................................................................................35

7.4 轴承的选用与校核..............................................................................................35

7.5 本章小结............................................................................................................................................36

第 8 章工程影响分析 ................................................................................................36

8.1 设计项目对社会的影响......................................................................................36

8.2 设计项目对健康的影响 .............................................................................................................36

8.3 设计项目考虑安全因素 .............................................................................................................36

8.4 设计项目考虑法律因素......................................................................................36

8.5 设计项目考虑文化因素 .............................................................................................................37

8.6 设计项目对环境及社会可持续发展的影响评价 ..............................................37

8.7 设计项目经济性分析...................................................................................................................37

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