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基于单片机的开关电源设计论文
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论文(设计)题目:基于单片机的开关电源设计
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基于单片机的开关电源设计
摘要
论文主要为了设计可控的开关电源,在日常的生活当中开关电源已经被普遍
的应用,基本上生活当中所经常用到的电子产品当中都有它的存在。同时随着科
技的不断发展,电子设备对电源也有了越来越高的要求。而对于复杂的传统的开
关电源结构,使用单片机和键盘能够简化结构以及可以实现对它的智能控制。
论文以 89C51 单片机为核心,通过脉宽调制来实现智能化的闭环控制。同
时,利用来单片机对开关电源进行控制,使它拥有更加完善与精进的功能,使它
具有智能化和人性化的特点更加凸显出来,同时也可以更好的进行实时监控。本
设计的主要作用是对开关的输出电压进行检测,并通过按键编程设置所需的电压,
再通过 A/D 转换电路对输出电压进行采样,再通过 PID 算法对输出电压进行运
算,对所控制量及占空比来进行调整,以此来得出所需的输出电压,再通过 PID
控制来调整输出电压,使输出电压维持在预定的范围之内;PID 参数也可以根据
使用者所需的电压随时调整。
设计验证了单片机对于开关电源的智能控制。使用者将所需要的电压值用键
盘来进行提前设定,以此来让单片机对脉宽进行调整,使输出的电压值来达到自
身所期望的数值,同时还可以起到保护电源的作用。
关键词:开关电源;单片机;脉宽调制;PID 算法
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Abstract
The paper mainly to design controllable switching power supply, in daily life
switch power supply has been widely used , basically life is often used in the
electronic products have its existence. At the same time , with the continuous
development of science and technology, electronic equipment also has higher and
higher requirements for power supply. For the complex traditional switching power
supply structure, the use of microcontroller and keyboard can simplify the structure
and can achieve intelligent control of it.
This paper takes 89C51 single-chip microcomputer as the core, and realizes
intelligent closed-loop control through pulse width modulation. At the same time,
the use of single-chip microcomputer to switch the power supply control, so that it
has a more perfect and advanced function , so that it has the characteristics of
intelligent and humanized more prominent , but also can be better real-time
monitoring. The main function of this design is to detect the output voltage of the
switch, set the required voltage through the key programming, then sample the
output voltage through the A / D conversion circuit , then calculate the output
voltage by the PID algorithm and adjust the output voltage , so as to obtain the
required output voltage, then adjust the output voltage through PID control, to
maintain the output voltage within the predetermined range; The PID parameters can
also be adjusted at any time according to the voltage required by the user.
The design verifies the intelligent control of the switching power supply. The
user will need the voltage value with the keyboard to set in advance, so as to let the
single chip microcomputer to adjust the pulse width, so that the output voltage value
to reach their desired value, but also can play a role in protecting the power supply.
Key words: switch power supply; single controller; pulse width modulation; PID
algorithm
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目录
引言...........................................................................................................................................................1
第一章 开关电源方案设计...............................................................................................................2
1.1 开关电源的工作原理 .......................................................................................2
1.2 设计方案论证 ...................................................................................................3
1.2.1 开关电源与线性电源的比较..............................................................3
1.2.2 方案论证..............................................................................................3
1.2.3 总体结构的设计..................................................................................3
第二章 开关电源设计分析...............................................................................................................5
2.1 系统难点分析 ...................................................................................................5
2.1.1 提高电源工作效率..............................................................................5
2.1.2 标度转换技术......................................................................................5
2.2 开关电源的控制方式 .......................................................................................6
2.2.1 电压控制模式......................................................................................6
2.2.2 电流控制方式......................................................................................7
2.3 开电路器件参数选择 .......................................................................................9
2.3.1 功率开关管的选择..............................................................................9
2.3.2 滤波电容的选择................................................................................10
2.3.3 储能电感的选择................................................................................11
第三章 硬件电路设计......................................................................................................................12
3.1 电源电路设计 .................................................................................................12
3.1.1 整流滤波电路....................................................................................12
3.1.2 开关变换电路....................................................................................12
3.1.3 保护电路............................................................................................13
3.2 控制电路设计 .................................................................................................14
3.2.1 反馈电路设计....................................................................................15
3.2.2 数码显示电路设计............................................................................16
3.2.3 单片机与键盘接口电路设计............................................................17
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/88414291/bg5.jpg)
第四章 软件设计 ..............................................................................................................................18
4.1 总体编程思想 .................................................................................................18
4.2 键盘防抖动子程序 .........................................................................................18
4.3 显示子程序 .....................................................................................................19
4.4 采样子程序 .....................................................................................................20
4.5 中断处理程序设计 .........................................................................................21
4.6 PID 控制算法 ..................................................................................................22
4.7 数字滤波 .........................................................................................................23
第五章 系统调试 ..............................................................................................................................24
5.1 硬件模块调试 .................................................................................................24
5.1.1 整流滤波电路的调试........................................................................24
5.1.2 A/D 转换的调试 ................................................................................25
5.1.3 脉冲输出电路的调试........................................................................25
5.1.4 功率开关管的调试............................................................................25
5.2 电源性能指标的测试 .....................................................................................25
5.2.1 开关电源的技术指标........................................................................26
5.2.2 输出电压的测试................................................................................26
5.2.3 最大输出电流的测试........................................................................27
5.2.4 过流保护的测试................................................................................28
5.2.5 电压调整率的测试............................................................................28
5.2.6 纹波电压的测试................................................................................28
5.3 测试结果 .........................................................................................................29
结论........................................................................................................................................................30
参考文献................................................................................................................................................31
致谢........................................................................................................................................................32
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