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LFS258 2022-10-21 kubernetes fundamentals k8s基础知识
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LFS258 2022-10-21 kubernetes fundamentals k8s基础知识。含如何从头开始安装k8s。
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© The Linux Foundation 2022: DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE
LFS258
Kubernetes
Fundamentals
Version 2022-10-21
Version 2022-10-21
© Copyright the Linux Foundation 2022. All rights reserved.
© The Linux Foundation 2022: DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE
ii
© Copyright the Linux Foundation 2022. All rights reserved.
The training materials provided or developed by The Linux Foundation in connection with the training services are protected
by copyright and other intellectual property rights.
Open source code incorporated herein may have other copyright holders and is used pursuant to the applicable open source
license.
The training materials are provided for individual use by participants in the form in which they are provided. They may not be
copied, modified, distributed to non-participants or used to provide training to others without the prior written consent of The
Linux Foundation.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without express prior
written consent.
Published by:
the Linux Foundation
https://www.linuxfoundation.org
No representations or warranties are made with respect to the contents or use of this material, and any express or implied
warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose or specifically disclaimed.
Although third-party application software packages may be referenced herein, this is for demonstration purposes only and
shall not constitute an endorsement of any of these software applications.
Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Other trademarks within this course material are the property of their
respective owners.
If there are any questions about proper and fair use of the material herein, please go to https://trainingsupport.linuxfoundation.
org.
Nondisclosure of Confidential Information
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relates to the code base of any open source or open standards project (collectively, “Open Project”), including any existing or
future contribution thereto; (b) information generally relating or pertaining to the formation or operation of any Open Project;
or (c) information relating to general business matters involving any Open Project.
This course does not include confidential information, nor should any confidential information be divulged in class.
V 2022-10-21 © Copyright the Linux Foundation 2022. All rights reserved.
© The Linux Foundation 2022: DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Basics of Kubernetes 3
2.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Installation and Configuration 5
3.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Kubernetes Architecture 25
4.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5 APIs and Access 39
5.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
6 API Objects 45
6.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7 Managing State With Deployments 55
7.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
8 Volumes and Data 65
8.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
9 Services 83
9.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
10 Helm 95
10.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
11 Ingress 99
11.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
12 Scheduling 109
12.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
13 Logging and Troubleshooting 117
13.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
14 Custom Resource Definition 125
14.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
15 Security 129
15.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
16 High Availability 139
16.1 Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
iii
© The Linux Foundation 2022: DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE
iv CONTENTS
Appendices 149
A Domain Review 149
A.1 Exam Domain Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
B Cilium Network Plugin 155
V 2022-10-21 © Copyright the Linux Foundation 2022. All rights reserved.
© The Linux Foundation 2022: DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE
List of Figures
3.1 External Access via Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
11.1 Main Linkerd Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
11.2 Now shows meshed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
11.3 Five meshed pods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
11.4 Ingress Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
11.5 Linkerd Top Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
13.1 External Access via Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
13.2 External Access via Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
13.3 External Access via Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
16.1 Initial HAProxy Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
16.2 Multiple HAProxy Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.3 HAProxy Down Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
v
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