操作系统版本：
[root@vmac1 ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServer
Description: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.3 (Santiago)
Release: 6.3
Codename: Santiago
数据库版本：
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production
1. 设置环境变量
[oracle@vmac1 2015_02_28]$ cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:lib/lib:/usr/lib:
[oracle@vmac1 2015_02_28]$
2. 建立需要的目录
[oracle@vmac1 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
[oracle@vmac1 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oradata
[oracle@vmac1 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
3. 建初始化参数文件
[oracle@vmac1 dbs]$ ls /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
init.ora
[oracle@vmac1 dbs]$ cat init.ora | grep -v ^$ | grep -v ^#
db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
control_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0'
[oracle@vmac1 dbs]$ pwd
[oracle@vmac1 dbs] cat init.ora | grep -v ^$ | grep -v ^# > initorcl.ora
[root@vmac1 dbs]# more initorcl.ora #######对照上面修改参数
db_name='ORCL'
memory_target=1G
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
