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Ngspice User’s Manual
Version 35
(ngspice release version)
Holger Vogt, Marcel Hendrix, Paolo Nenzi, Dietmar Warning
August 8th, 2021
2
Locations
The project and download pages of ngspice may be found at
Ngspice home page http://ngspice.sourceforge.net/
Project page at SourceForge http://sourceforge.net/projects/ngspice/
Download page at SourceForge https://sourceforge.net/projects/ngspice/files/ng-spice-
rework/
Git source download https://sourceforge.net/p/ngspice/ngspice/ci/master/tree/
Status
This manual is a work in progress. Some to-dos are listed in Chapt. 24.3. More is surely
needed. You are invited to report bugs, missing items, wrongly described items, bad
English style, etc.
How to use this Manual
The manual is a “work in progress.” It may accompany a specific ngspice release, e.g.
ngspice-24 as manual version 24. If its name contains ‘Version xxplus’, it describes the
actual code status, found at the date of issue in the Git Source Code Management (SCM)
tool. This manual is intended to provide a complete description of ngspice’s functionality,
features, commands, and procedures. This manual is not a book about learning SPICE
usage, however the novice user may find some hints how to start using ngspice. Chapter
21.1 gives a short introduction how to set up and simulate a small circuit. Chapter 32 is
about compiling and installing ngspice from a tarball or the actual Git source code, which
you may find on the ngspice web pages. If you are running a specific Linux distribution,
you may check if it provides ngspice as part of the package. Some are listed here.
License
This document is covered by the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA)
v4.0..
Part of chapters 12 and 25-27 are in the public domain.
Chapter 30 is covered by New BSD (chapt. 33.3.2).
Part I
Ngspice User’s Manual
3
Contents
I Ngspice User’s Manual 3
1 Introduction 33
1.1 Simulation Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.1.1 Analog Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.1.2 Device Models for Analog Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.1.3 Digital Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.1.4 Mixed-Signal Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
1.1.5 Mixed-Level Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.2 Supported Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.2.1 DC Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.2.2 AC Small-Signal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.2.3 Transient Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1.2.4 Pole-Zero Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.2.5 Small-Signal Distortion Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.2.6 Sensitivity Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
1.2.7 Noise Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.2.8 Periodic Steady State Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.3 Analysis at Different Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.4 Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.4.1 Voltage convergence criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.4.2 Current convergence criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.4.3 Convergence failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2 Circuit Description 45
2.1 General Structure and Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.1.1 Input file structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.1.2 Syntax check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5
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