INTRODUCTION
Multi-phase flows are not only part of our natural environment such as rainy or
snowy winds, tornadoes, typhoons, air and water pollution, volcanic activities etc.,
but also are working processes in a variety of conventional and nuclear power
plants, combustion engines, propulsion systems, flows inside the human body, oil
and gas production and transport, chemical industry, biological industry, process
technology in the metallurgical industry or in food production etc. The list is by
far not exhaustive. For instance everything to do with phase changes is associated
with multi-phase flows. The industrial use of multi-phase systems requires meth-
ods for predicting their behavior. This explains the “explosion” of scientific publi-
cations in this field in the last 30 years. Some countries, such as Japan, have de-
clared this field to be of strategic importance for future technological
development.
Probably the first known systematic study on two-phase flow was done during
the Second World War by the Soviet scientist Teletov [12] and published in 1958
as “On the problem of fluid dynamics of two-phase mixtures”. Two books that ap-
peared in Russia and the USA in 1969 by Mamaev et al. [7] and by Wallis [13]
played an important role in educating a generation of scientists in this discipline
including me. Both books contain valuable information mainly for steady state
flows in pipes. Hewitt and Hall-Taylor published in 1974 “Annular two-phase
flow” [5]. The book also considers steady state pipe flows. The usefulness of the
idea of a three-fluid description of two-phase flows was clearly demonstrated on
annular flows with entrainment and deposition. Ishii [6] published in 1975 the
book “Thermo-fluid dynamic theory of two-phase flow”, which contained a rigor-
ous derivation of time-averaged conservation equations for the so called two-fluid
separated and diffusion momentum equations models. This book founded the ba-
sics for new measurement methods appearing on the market later. R. Nigmatulin
published “Fundamentals of mechanics of heterogeneous media” [8] in Russian in
1978. The book mainly considers one-dimensional two-phase flows. Interesting
particular wave dynamics solutions are obtaining for specific sets of assumptions
for dispersed systems. The book was extended mainly with mechanical interaction
constitutive relations and translated into English in 1991 [9]. The next important
book [2] for two-phase steam-water flow in turbines was published by Deich and
Philipoff in 1981 in Russian. Again mainly steady state, one-dimensional flows
are considered. Delhaye et al. published in the same year “Thermohydraulics of
two-phase systems for industrial design and nuclear engineering” [3]. The book
contains the main ideas of local volume averaging, and considers mainly many
评论0
最新资源