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单片机和keil 外文翻译.doc
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附录 A 外文文献
The SCM and µVision2
一、Principle of MCU
Single-chip is an integrated on a single chip a complete computer system. Even
though most of his features in a small chip, but it has a need to complete the majority
of computer components: CPU, memory, internal and external bus system, most will
have the Core. At the same time, such as integrated communication interfaces, timers,
real-time clock and other peripheral equipment. And now the most powerful
single-chip microcomputer system can even voice, image, networking, input and
output complex system integration on a single chip.
Also known as single-chip MCU (Microcontroller), because it was first used in
the field of industrial control. Only by the single-chip CPU chip developed from the
dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals
and CPU in a single chip, the computer system so that smaller, more easily integrated
into the complex and demanding on the volume control devices. INTEL the Z80 is
one of the first design in accordance with the idea of the processor, From then on, the
MCU and the development of a dedicated processor parted ways.
Early single-chip 8-bit or all of the four. One of the most successful is INTEL's
8031, because the performance of a simple and reliable access to a lot of good praise.
Since then in 8031 to develop a single-chip microcomputer system MCS51 series.
Based on single-chip microcomputer system of the system is still widely used until
now. As the field of industrial control requirements increase in the beginning of a
16-bit single-chip, but not ideal because the price has not been very widely used.
After the 90's with the big consumer electronics product development, single-chip
technology is a huge improvement. INTEL i960 Series with subsequent ARM in
particular, a broad range of applications, quickly replaced by 32-bit single-chip 16-bit
single-chip high-end status, and enter the mainstream market. Traditional 8-bit
single-chip performance has been the rapid increase in processing power compared to
the 80's to raise a few hundred times. At present, the high-end 32-bit single-chip
frequency over 300MHz, the performance of the mid-90's close on the heels of a
special processor, while the ordinary price of the model dropped to one U.S. dollars,
the most high-end models, only 10 U.S. dollars. Contemporary single-chip
microcomputer system is no longer only the bare-metal environment in the
development and use of a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is
widely used in the full range of single-chip microcomputer. In PDAs and cell phones
as the core processing of high-end single-chip or even a dedicated direct access to
Windows and Linux operating systems.
More than a dedicated single-chip processor suitable for embedded systems, so it
was up to the application. In fact the number of single-chip is the world's largest
computer. Modern human life used in almost every piece of electronic and
mechanical products will have a single-chip integration. Phone, telephone, calculator,
home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such
as a mouse in the Department are equipped with 1-2 single chip. And personal
computers also have a large number of single-chip microcomputer in the workplace.
Vehicles equipped with more than 40 Department of the general single-chip, complex
industrial control systems and even single-chip may have hundreds of work at the
same time! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC and other integrated
computing, even more than the number of human beings.
Hardwave introduction
The 8051 family of micro controllers is based on an architecture which is highly
optimized for embedded control systems. It is used in a wide variety of applications
from military equipment to automobiles to the keyboard on your PC. Second only to
the Motorola 68HC11 in eight bit processors sales, the 8051 family of
microcontrollers is available in a wide array of variations from manufacturers such as
Intel, Philips, and Siemens. These manufacturers have added numerous features and
peripherals to the 8051 such as I2C interfaces, analog to digital converters, watchdog
timers, and pulse width modulated outputs. Variations of the 8051 with clock speeds
up to 40MHz and voltage requirements down to 1.5 volts are available. This wide
range of parts based on one core makes the 8051 family an excellent choice as the
base architecture for a company's entire line of products since it can perform many
functions and developers will only have to learn this one platform.
The basic architecture consists of the following features:
· an eight bit ALU
· 32 descrete I/O pins (4 groups of 8) which can be individually accessed
· two 16 bit timer/counters
· full duplex UART
· 6 interrupt sources with 2 priority levels
· 128 bytes of on board RAM
· separate 64K byte address spaces for DATA and CODE memory
One 8051 processor cycle consists of twelve oscillator periods. Each of the
twelve oscillator periods is used for a special function by the 8051 core such as op
code fetches and samples of the interrupt daisy chain for pending interrupts. The time
required for any 8051 instruction can be computed by dividing the clock frequency by
12, inverting that result and multiplying it by the number of processor cycles required
by the instruction in question. Therefore, if you have a system which is using an
11.059MHz clock, you can compute the number of instructions per second by
dividing this value by 12. This gives an instruction frequency of 921583 instructions
per second. Inverting this will provide the amount of time taken by each instruction
cycle (1.085 microseconds).
二、etting Started with µVision2
The Keil Software 8051 development tools listed below are programs you use to
compile your C code, assemble your assembly source files, link and locate object
modules and libraries, create HEX files, and debug your target program.
µVision2 for Windows™ is an Integrated Development Environment that
combines project management, source code editing, and program debugging in one
single, powerful environment.
The C51 ANSI Optimizing C Cross Compiler creates relocatable object modules
from your C source code.
The A51 Macro Assembler creates relocatable object modules from your 8051
assembly source code.
The BL51 Linker/Locator combines relocatable object modules created by the
C51 Compiler and the A51 Assembler into absolute object modules.
The LIB51 Library Manager combines object modules into libraries that may be
used by the linker.
The OH51 Object-HEX Converter creates Intel HEX files from absolute object
modules.
The RTX-51 Real-time Operating System simplifies the design of complex,
time-critical software projects.
Software Development Cycle
When you use the Keil Software tools, the project development cycle is roughly
the same as it is for any other software development project.
1. Create a project, select the target chip from the device database, and configure
the tool settings.
2. Create source files in C or assembly.
3. Build your application with the project manager.
4. Correct errors in source files.
5. Test the linked application.
µVision2 IDE
The µVision2 IDE combines project management, a rich-featured editor with
interactive error correction, option setup, make facility, and on-line help. Use
µVision2 to create your source files and organize them into a project that defines your
target application. µVision2 automatically compiles, assembles, and links your
embedded application and provides a single focal point for your development efforts.
LIB51 Library Manager
The LIB51 library manager allows you to create object library from the object
files created by the compiler and assembler. Libraries are specially formatted, ordered
program collections of object modules that may be used by the linker at a later time.
When the linker processes a library, only those object modules in the library that are
necessary to create the program are used.
BL51 Linker/Locator
The BL51 linker creates an absolute object module using the object modules
extracted from libraries and those created by the compiler and assembler. An absolute
object file or module contains no relocatable code or data. All code and data reside at
fixed memory locations. The absolute object file may be used:
To program an EPROM or other memory devices,
With the µVision2 Debugger for simulation and target debugging,
With an in-circuit emulator for the program testing.
µVision2 Debugger
The µVision2 symbolic, source-level debugger is ideally suited for fast, reliable
program debugging. The debugger includes a high-speed simulator that let you
simulate an entire 8051 system including on-chip peripherals and external hardware.
The attributes of the chip you use are automatically configured when you select the
device from the Device Database.
The µVision2 Debugger provides several ways for you to test your programs on
real target hardware:
Install the MON51 Target Monitor on your target system and download your
program using the Monitor-51 interface built-in to the µVision2 Debugger.�
Use the Advanced GDI interface to attach use the µVision2 Debugger front end
with your target system.
Monitor-51
The µVision2 Debugger supports target debugging using Monitor-51. The
monitor program resides in the memory of your target hardware and communicates
with the µVision2 Debugger using the serial port of the 8051 and a COM port of your
PC. With Monitor-51, µVision2 lets you perform source-level, symbolic debugging
on your target hardware.
RTX51 Real-Time Operating System
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