基于AT89C51单片机的超声波测距仪的系统设计.doc资源-CSDN文库

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摘要

本设计介绍了基于单片机控制的超声测距仪的原理：由 AT89C51 控制定时器

产生超声波脉冲并计时，计算超声波自发射至接收的往返时间，从而得到实测距

离。并且在数据处理中采用了温度补偿的调整，用四位 LED 数码管切换显示距离

和温度。

整个硬件电路由超声波发射电路、超声波接收电路、电源电路、显示电路等

模块组成。各探头的信号经单片机综合分析处理，实现超声波测距仪的各种功能。

在此基础上设计了系统的总体方案，最后通过硬件和软件实现了各个功能模块。

相关部分附有硬件电路图、程序流程图，给出了系统构成、电路原理及程序设计。

此系统具有易控制、工作可靠、测距准确度高、可读性强和流程清晰等优点。实

现后的作品可用于需要测量距离参数的各种应用场合。

关键词：AT89C51，超声波，温度补偿，测距

摘要 ....................................................................................................................................................I

Abstract...............................................................................................................................................II

目录 ...................................................................................................................................................1

第 1 章引言 .......................................................................................................................................1

1.1 课题研究的背景 ..................................................................................................................1

1.2 课题研究的意义 ..................................................................................................................1

1.3 论文结构 ..............................................................................................................................2

第 2 章超声波测距原理 ...................................................................................................................3

2.1 超声波简介 ..........................................................................................................................3

2.2 超声波测距原理 ..................................................................................................................3

第 3 章方案论证 ...............................................................................................................................5

3.1 设计思路 ..............................................................................................................................5

3.2 系统结构设计 ......................................................................................................................6

第 4 章主要元件介绍 .......................................................................................................................7

4.1 单片机 AT89C51 .................................................................................................................7

4.2 超声波传感器 T40、R40 ....................................................................................................9

4.3 温度传感器 DS18B20........................................................................................................10

第 5 章硬件电路设计 .....................................................................................................................11

5.1 超声波发射电路 ................................................................................................................11

5.2 超声波接收电路 ................................................................................................................11

5.3 显示电路 ............................................................................................................................12

5.4 电源电路 ............................................................................................................................13

5.5 复位电路 ............................................................................................................................13

第 6 章软件设计 .............................................................................................................................14

6.1 主程序流程 ........................................................................................................................14

6.2 子程序设计 ........................................................................................................................15

6.2.1 超声波发送子程序及超声波接收中断子程序 .....................................................15

6.2.2 测温子程序 .............................................................................................................17

6.2.3 距离计算子程序 .....................................................................................................17

6.2.4 显示子程序和键盘扫描子程序 .............................................................................18

第 7 章软件调试及系统仿真 .........................................................................................................19

7.1 软件编译调试环境——Keil .............................................................................................19

7.2 系统仿真环境——Proteus ................................................................................................19

7.3 系统仿真 ............................................................................................................................19

7.4 误差及特性分析 ................................................................................................................22

结论 .................................................................................................................................................23

致谢 .................................................................................................................................................24

参考文献 .............................................................................................................................................25

附录 1 整体电路图 ............................................................................................................................26

附录 2 程序 ........................................................................................................................................27