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基于AT89C51的智能测频仪设计.doc
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基于AT89C51的智能测频仪设计.doc
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I
基于AT89C51的智能测频仪的设计
摘要
目前,在电子技术领域内,频率是一个最基本的参数,频率与其他电参量的测量方
案以及测量后的结果都有密切关系,因此频率的测量就显得更为重要。由于频率信号抗
干扰性强, 易于传输, 可以获得较高的测量精度, 因此在现代测量仪器中, 将待测信号转
化为频率信号是低成本实现高精度、高分辨率测量和高抗干扰的经典做法。
此设计基于AT89C51的智能测频仪的设计,主要应用Protel99进行系统图设计,用C
语言编程以达到实现测频率的过程通过对软硬件的编程和设计使的整个系统具有结构
紧凑、体积小,可靠性高,测量频率范围宽、精度高等优点。
整个设计包括硬件设计和软件设计。在硬件设计部分,具体介绍了系统硬件设计方
案以及显示板设计,而软件设计包括固件程序设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计三大
部分,其最终目标是实现对频率的测量显示。
关键词 :测量频率,单片机 AT89C51,Protel99
II
Based on AT89C51 Frequency of Intelligent Design
Abstract
At present, in the field of electronic technology, frequency is the fundamental parameters,
frequency and other electrical parameters of the measurement program, as well as the result of
measurement are closely related to the frequency of measurement, therefore it is even more
important. Frequency signals as a result of strong anti-jamming, easy to transport, access to
high precision, so in modern measuring instruments, the test signal will be converted to the
frequency signal is low-cost, high precision, high-resolution measurements and high
anti-interference classical approach.
This design is based on AT89C51 Frequency of Intelligent Design, Protel99 major
application system design, made with C language programming in order to achieve the
realization of the process of measuring the frequency of hardware and software programming
and design of the entire system with compact structure, small size, high reliability,
measurement frequency range and high precision.
The whole design, including hardware design and software design. In the hardware
design of the details of the system hardware design and display design. And software design
including the design of firmware, drivers, application design and the design of three large
groups, their ultimate goal is to achieve the frequency measurements show .
Key words: Measure frequency; the one-chip computer AT89C51; Protel99
III
目录
摘要...............................................................................................................................................I
Abstract........................................................................................................................................II
目录 ............................................................................................................................................III
第一章 引 言..........................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景和意义.........................................................................................................1
1.2 基于单片机测量频率的发展状况.............................................................................2
1.3 论文所做的工作.........................................................................................................2
第二章 硬件组成........................................................................................................................4
2.1 AT89C51 单片机简介................................................................................................4
2.1.1 AT89C51 单片机主要特性.............................................................................4
2.1.2 管脚说明..........................................................................................................5
2.1.3 振荡器特性......................................................................................................7
2.1.4 芯片擦除..........................................................................................................7
2.2 三运放高共模抑制比放大电路.................................................................................7
2.2.1 三运放高共模抑制比放大电路的介绍..........................................................8
2.2.2 三运放高共模抑制比放大电路的优点........................................................11
2.2.3 双端差分输入,单端输出............................................................................11
2.3 施密特触发器...........................................................................................................11
2.3.1 由 555 定时器构成施密特触发器的介绍....................................................11
2.3.2 施密特触发器的特点....................................................................................14
2.3.3 施密特触发器的应用....................................................................................14
IV
2.4 12 位二进制分频计数器 4040.................................................................................16
2.5 液晶显示模块 LCD1602..........................................................................................18
第三章 智能测频仪的硬件设计..............................................................................................24
3.1 频率信号的测量.......................................................................................................24
3.2 波形整形...................................................................................................................29
3.3 按键调试及分频.......................................................................................................30
3.4 显示电路...................................................................................................................31
3.5 输入频率的测量范围...............................................................................................32
3. 5. 1 频率测量范围..............................................................................................32
3. 5. 2 标准频率的选取..........................................................................................32
第四章 智能测频仪的软件设计..............................................................................................34
4.1 系统软件设计...........................................................................................................34
4.2 测试程序...................................................................................................................34
4.3 系统软件设计主程序流程图...................................................................................35
4.4 软件流程图...............................................................................................................36
4.5 LCD 显示处理程序流程图......................................................................................37
4.6 测量结果的误差分析...............................................................................................38
第五章 结 论........................................................................................................................39
参考文献....................................................................................................................................40
附录 A 硬件原理图................................................................................................................43
附录 B 软件源程序 ................................................................................................................44
致谢 ............................................................................................................................................60
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