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JavaConcurrency

InPractice

BrianGöetz

TimPeierls

JoshuaBloch

JosephBowbeer

DavidHolmes

DougLea



AddisonͲWesleyProfessional

ISBNͲ10:0Ͳ321Ͳ34960Ͳ1

ISBNͲ13:978Ͳ0Ͳ321Ͳ34960Ͳ6

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iii<Index
Part II: Structuring Concurrent Applications  71
Chapter 6. Task Execution  72
6.1.Execut
ingTasksinThreads 72
6.2.Th
eExecutorFramework 74
6.3.FindingExploitableParallelism
78
Summary
83
Chapter 7. Cancellation and Shutdown  85
7.1.Ta
skCancellation 85
7.2.Stop
pingaThreadͲbasedService 93
7.3.HandlingAbnormalTh
readTermination 100
7.4.JV
MShutdown 102
Summary
103
Chapter 8. Applying Thread Pools  104
8.1.Impli
citCouplingsBetweenTasksandExecutionPolicies 104
8.2.SizingTh
readPools 105
8.3.Configuri
ngThreadPoolExecutor 106
8.4.Extendi
ngThreadPoolExecutor 111
8.5.Parall
elizingRecursiveAlgorithms 112
Summary
116
Chapter 9. GUI Applications  117
9.1.WhyareGUI
sSingleͲthreaded? 117
9.2.ShortͲr
unningGUITasks 119
9.3.LongͲrunningGU
ITasks 121
9.4.Shar
edDataModels 123
9.5.OtherFo
rmsofSingleͲthreadedSubsystems 125
Summary
126
Part III: Liveness, Performance, and Testing  127
Chapter 10. Avoiding Liveness Hazards  128
10.1.Deadlock
128
10.2.AvoidingandDiag
nosingDeadlocks 133
10.3.OtherLi
venessHazards 135
Summary
136
Chapter 11. Performance and Scalability  137
11.1.Thi
nkingaboutPerformance 137
11.2.Amda
hl'sLaw 139
11.3.CostsI
ntroducedbyThreads 142
11.4.Re
ducingLockContention 144
11.5.Exampl
e:ComparingMapPerfor mance  150
11.6.Re
ducingContextSwitchOverhead 151
Summary
152
Chapter 12. Testing Concurrent Programs  153
12.1.Te
stingforCorrectness 153
12.2.Te
stingforPerformance 160
12.3.AvoidingPerformanc
eTestingPitfalls 165
12.4.ComplementaryTe
stingApproaches 167
Summary
169
Part IV: Advanced Topics  170
Chapter 13 - Explicit Locks  171
13.1.Lockan
dReentrantLock 171
13.2.Perform
anceConsiderations 174
13.3.Fairn
ess 175


v1BListingandImageIndex
ListingandImageIndex
Preface  v
Listing1.BadWaytoSortaList.Don'tDothis.
xiv
Listing2.LessthanOp
timalWaytoSortaList. xv
Chapter 1. Introduction  11
Listing1.
1.NonͲthreadͲsafeSequenceGenerator. 5
Figure1.
1.UnluckyExecutionofUnsafeSequence.Nextvalue. 5
Listing1.
2.ThreadͲsafeSequenceGenerator. 6
Chapter 2. Thread Safety  11
Listing2.1.AStatelessServlet. 13
Listing2.
2.ServletthatCountsRequestswithouttheNecessarySynchroni zation.Don'tDothis. 14
Listing2.
3.RaceConditioninLazyInitialization.Don'tDothis. 15
Listing2.
4.ServletthatCountsRequestsUsingAtomicLong. 16
Listing2.
5.ServletthatAttemptstoCacheitsLastResultwithoutAdequateAtomicity.Don'tDothis. 17
Listing2.
6.ServletthatCachesLastResult,ButwithUnacceptablyPoorConcurrency.Don'tDothis. 18
Listing2.
7.CodethatwouldDeadlockifIntrinsicLockswereNotReentrant. 18
Figure2.
1.PoorConcurrencyofSynchronizedFactorizer. 21
Listing2.
8.ServletthatCachesitsLastRequestandResult. 21
Chapter 3. Sharing Objects  23
Listing3.
1.SharingVariableswithoutSynchronization.Don'tDothis. 23
Listing3.
2.NonͲthreadͲsafeMutableIntegerHolder. 24
Listing3.
3.ThreadͲsafeMutableIntegerHolder. 24
Figure3.
1.VisibilityGuaranteesforSynchronization. 25
Listing3.
4.CountingSheep. 26
Listing3.
5.PublishinganObject. 27
Listing3.
6.AllowingInternalMutableStatetoEscape.Don'tDothis. 27
Listing3.
7.ImplicitlyAllowingthethisReferencetoEscape.Don'tDothis. 28
Listing3.
8.UsingaFactoryMethodtoPreventthethisReferencefromEscapingDuringConstruction. 28
Listing3.
9.ThreadConfinementofLocalPrimitiveandReferenceVariables. 30
Listing3
.10.UsingThreadLocaltoEnsurethreadConfinement.  30
Listing3
.11.ImmutableClassBuiltOutofMutableUnderlyingObjects. 32
Listing3
.12.ImmutableHolderforCachingaNumberanditsFactor s. 33
Listing3
.13.CachingtheLastResultUsingaVolatileReferencetoanImmutableHolderObject. 33
Listing3
.14.PublishinganObjectwithoutAdequateSynchronization.Don'tDothis. 33