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Arm® Compiler armlink User Guide provides user information for the Arm linker, armlink. It describes the basic linker functionality, image structure, BPABI support, how to access image symbols, and how to use scatter files.
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Arm
®
Compiler
Version 6.6
armlink User Guide
Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved.
DUI0803I
Arm
®
Compiler
armlink User Guide
Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved.
Release Information
Document History
Issue Date Confidentiality Change
A 14 March 2014 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.00 Release
B 15 December 2014 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.01 Release
C 30 June 2015 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.02 Release
D 18 November 2015 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.3 Release
E 24 February 2016 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.4 Release
F 29 June 2016 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.5 Release
G 04 November 2016 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.6 Release
H 08 May 2017 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.6.1 Release
I 29 November 2017 Non-Confidential Arm Compiler v6.6.2 Release
Non-Confidential Proprietary Notice
This document is protected by copyright and other related rights and the practice or implementation of the information contained in
this document may be protected by one or more patents or pending patent applications. No part of this document may be
reproduced in any form by any means without the express prior written permission of Arm. No license, express or implied, by
estoppel or otherwise to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document unless specifically stated.
Your access to the information in this document is conditional upon your acceptance that you will not use or permit others to use
the information for the purposes of determining whether implementations infringe any third party patents.
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”. ARM PROVIDES NO REPRESENTATIONS AND NO WARRANTIES,
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undertaken no analysis to identify or understand the scope and content of, third party patents, copyrights, trade secrets, or other
rights.
This document may include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors.
TO THE EXTENT NOT PROHIBITED BY LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL ARM BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES,
INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR
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OUT OF ANY USE OF THIS DOCUMENT, EVEN IF ARM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
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Arm
®
Compiler
DUI0803I Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved. 2
Non-Confidential
The Arm corporate logo and words marked with
®
or ™ are registered trademarks or trademarks of Arm Limited (or its
subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere. All rights reserved. Other brands and names mentioned in this document may be the
trademarks of their respective owners. Please follow Arm’s trademark usage guidelines at http://www.arm.com/company/policies/
trademarks.
Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved.
Arm Limited. Company 02557590 registered in England.
110 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, England CB1 9NJ.
LES-PRE-20349
Confidentiality Status
This document is Non-Confidential. The right to use, copy and disclose this document may be subject to license restrictions in
accordance with the terms of the agreement entered into by Arm and the party that Arm delivered this document to.
Unrestricted Access is an Arm internal classification.
Product Status
The information in this document is Final, that is for a developed product.
Web Address
http://www.arm.com
Arm
®
Compiler
DUI0803I Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved. 3
Non-Confidential
Contents
Arm
®
Compiler armlink User Guide
Preface
About this book ..................................................... ..................................................... 13
Chapter 1 Overview of the Linker
1.1 About the linker ........................................................................................................ 1-16
1.2 Linker command-line syntax .................................................................................... 1-19
1.3 What the linker does when constructing an executable image ................................ 1-20
1.4 Support level definitions .......................................................................................... 1-21
Chapter 2 Linking Models Supported by armlink
2.1 Overview of linking models ...................................................................................... 2-25
2.2 Bare-metal linking model ............................................ ............................................ 2-26
2.3 Partial linking model ................................................................................................ 2-28
2.4 Base Platform Application Binary Interface (BPABI) linking model ............ ............ 2-29
2.5 Base Platform linking model .................................................................................... 2-30
Chapter 3 Image Structure and Generation
3.1 The structure of an Arm
®
ELF image ................................... ................................... 3-33
3.2 Simple images .................................................... .................................................... 3-41
3.3 Section placement with the linker ............................................................................ 3-48
3.4 Linker support for creating demand-paged files ...................................................... 3-51
3.5 Linker reordering of execution regions containing T32 code ................. ................. 3-52
3.6 Linker-generated veneers ........................................................................................ 3-53
3.7 Command-line options used to control the generation of C++ exception tables .. .. 3-57
DUI0803I Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved. 4
Non-Confidential
3.8 Weak references and definitions ...................................... ...................................... 3-58
3.9 How the linker performs library searching, selection, and scanning ........................ 3-60
3.10 How the linker searches for the Arm
®
standard libraries .................... .................... 3-61
3.11 Specifying user libraries when linking ...................................................................... 3-62
3.12 How the linker resolves references .................................... .................................... 3-63
3.13 The strict family of linker options ...................................... ...................................... 3-64
Chapter 4 Linker Optimization Features
4.1 Elimination of common debug sections ................................. ................................. 4-66
4.2 Elimination of common groups or sections .............................................................. 4-67
4.3 Elimination of unused sections ................................................................................ 4-68
4.4 Optimization with RW data compression ................................ ................................ 4-69
4.5 Function inlining with the linker ................................................................................ 4-72
4.6 Factors that influence function inlining .................................................................... 4-73
4.7 About branches that optimize to a NOP .................................................................. 4-75
4.8 Linker reordering of tail calling sections .................................................................. 4-76
4.9 Restrictions on reordering of tail calling sections .................................................... 4-77
4.10 Linker merging of comment sections ................................... ................................... 4-78
4.11 Merging identical constants .......................................... .......................................... 4-79
Chapter 5 Getting Image Details
5.1 Options for getting information about linker-generated files .................................... 5-82
5.2 Identifying the source of some link errors ................................................................ 5-83
5.3 Example of using the --info linker option ................................ ................................ 5-84
5.4 How to find where a symbol is placed when linking ................................................ 5-86
Chapter 6 Accessing and Managing Symbols with armlink
6.1 About mapping symbols .......................................................................................... 6-88
6.2 Linker-defined symbols ............................................................................................ 6-89
6.3 Region-related symbols ............................................. ............................................. 6-90
6.4 Section-related symbols .......................................................................................... 6-95
6.5 Access symbols in another image ..................................... ..................................... 6-97
6.6 Edit the symbol tables with a steering file .............................................................. 6-100
6.7 Use of $Super$$ and $Sub$$ to patch symbol definitions .................................... 6-103
Chapter 7 Scatter-loading Features
7.1 The scatter-loading mechanism ............................................................................ 7-105
7.2 Root region and the initial entry point .................................. .................................. 7-111
7.3 Example of how to explicitly place a named section with scatter-loading ...... ...... 7-126
7.4 Placement of unassigned sections ........................................................................ 7-128
7.5 Placing veneers with a scatter file .................................... .................................... 7-140
7.6 Placement of CMSE veneer sections for a Secure image .................. .................. 7-141
7.7 Reserving an empty block of memory ................................. ................................. 7-143
7.8 Placement of Arm
®
C and C++ library code ............................. ............................. 7-145
7.9 Aligning regions to page boundaries .................................. .................................. 7-148
7.10 Aligning execution regions and input sections ........................... ........................... 7-150
7.11 Preprocessing a scatter file ......................................... ......................................... 7-151
7.12 Example of using expression evaluation in a scatter file to avoid padding ............ 7-153
7.13 Equivalent scatter-loading descriptions for simple images .................................... 7-154
7.14 How the linker resolves multiple matches when processing scatter files .............. 7-161
7.15 How the linker resolves path names when processing scatter files ...................... 7-163
DUI0803I Copyright © 2014–2017 Arm Limited (or its affiliates). All rights reserved. 5
Non-Confidential
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