TCL培训教程华为ToolCommandLanguage

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TCL

培训教程

深圳市华为技术有限公司

TCL

培训教程

6/21/2014 第

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1 引言................................................................................................................................................................6

2 语法................................................................................................................................................................7

2.1 脚本、命令和单词符号.................................................................................................................7

2.2 置换(substitution)........................................................................................................................... 7

2.2.1 变量置换(variable subtitution)...............................................................................................8

2.2.2 命令置换(command substitution).......................................................................................... 8

2.2.3 反斜杠置换(backslash substitution).......................................................................................9

2.2.4 双引号和花括号...................................................................................................................10

2.3 注释...............................................................................................................................................10

3 变量..............................................................................................................................................................11

3.1 简单变量.......................................................................................................................................11

3.2 数组...............................................................................................................................................12

3.3 相关命令.......................................................................................................................................12

3.3.1 set.......................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 unset...................................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.3 append和incr.........................................................................................................................13

4 表达式......................................................................................................................................................... 13

4.1 操作数...........................................................................................................................................13

4.2 运算符和优先级...........................................................................................................................14

1.1 数学函数.......................................................................................................................................14

2 List..............................................................................................................................................................16

2.1 list命令..........................................................................................................................................16

2.2 concat命令:................................................................................................................................... 16

2.3 lindex命令.....................................................................................................................................16

2.4 llength命令....................................................................................................................................16

2.5 linsert命令.....................................................................................................................................16

2.6 lreplace命令:................................................................................................................................. 17

2.7 lrange 命令:...................................................................................................................................17

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2.8 lappend命令:................................................................................................................................. 17

2.9 lsearch 命令:................................................................................................................................. 17

2.10 lsort命令:.......................................................................................................................................18

2.11 split命令:.......................................................................................................................................18

2.12 join命令.........................................................................................................................................19

3 控制流......................................................................................................................................................... 19

3.1 if命令.............................................................................................................................................19

3.2 循环命令：while 、for、 foreach...............................................................................................19

3.2.1 while命令..............................................................................................................................19

3.2.2 for命令.................................................................................................................................. 20

3.2.3 foreach命令...........................................................................................................................20

3.2.4 break和continue命令............................................................................................................21

3.2.5 switch 命令........................................................................................................................... 21

3.3 eval命令........................................................................................................................................ 22

3.4 source命令.................................................................................................................................... 22

4 过程(procedure)........................................................................................................................................... 22

4.1 过程定义和返回值.......................................................................................................................22

4.2 局部变量和全局变量...................................................................................................................23

4.3 缺省参数和可变个数参数...........................................................................................................23

4.4 引用：upvar..................................................................................................................................24

5 字符串操作................................................................................................................................................ 26

5.1 format命令.................................................................................................................................... 26

5.2 scan命令........................................................................................................................................26

5.3 regexp命令.................................................................................................................................... 27

1.1 regsub命令.................................................................................................................................... 28

1.2 string命令......................................................................................................................................29

1.2.1 string compare ?-nocase? ?-length int? string1 string2.................................................... 29

1.2.2 string equal ?-nocase? ?-length int? string1 string2...................................................... 29

1.2.3 string first string1 string2 ?startindex?.............................................................................. 29

1.2.4 string index string charIndex.............................................................................................30

1.2.5 string last string1 string2 ?startindex?..........................................................................30

1.2.6 string length string.........................................................................................................30

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1.2.7 string match ?-nocase? pattern string.................................................................................30

1.2.8 string range string first last.......................................................................................... 31

1.2.9 string repeat string count.............................................................................................. 31

1.2.10 string replace string first last ?newstring?..............................................................31

1.2.11 string tolower string ?first? ?last?................................................................................31

1.2.12 string toupper string ?first? ?last?.............................................................................. 31

1.2.13 string trim string ?chars?............................................................................................. 31

1.2.14 string trimleft string ?chars?.............................................................................................32

1.2.15 string trimright string ?chars?.....................................................................................32

2 文件访问.....................................................................................................................................................32

2.1 文件名...........................................................................................................................................32

2.2 基本文件输入输出命令...............................................................................................................32

2.3 随机文件访问...............................................................................................................................34

2.4 当前工作目录...............................................................................................................................34

2.5 文件操作和获取文件信息...........................................................................................................35

3 错误和异常................................................................................................................................................ 39

3.1 错误...............................................................................................................................................40

3.2 从TCL脚本中产生错误............................................................................................................... 41

3.3 使用catch捕获错误...................................................................................................................... 41

3.4 其他异常.......................................................................................................................................42

1 深入TCL....................................................................................................................................................... 44

1.1 查询数组中的元素.......................................................................................................................44

1.2 info命令........................................................................................................................................ 46

1.2.1 变量信息...............................................................................................................................46

1.1.1 过程信息...............................................................................................................................48

1.1.2 命令信息...............................................................................................................................49

1.1.3 TCL的版本和库................................................................................................................... 49

1.1.4 命令的执行时间...................................................................................................................49

1.1.5 跟踪变量...............................................................................................................................50

1.1.6 命令的重命名和删除...........................................................................................................53

1.1.7 unknown命令........................................................................................................................53

1.1.8 自动加载...............................................................................................................................54

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2 历史记录.....................................................................................................................................................55

3 TCL和C\C++................................................................................................................................................58

3.1 生成自己的TCLSH......................................................................................................................58

3.2 扩展自己的命令：方法(一)........................................................................................................59

3.2.1 编写扩展命令对应的C/C++过程....................................................................................... 59

3.2.2 注册命令...............................................................................................................................61

3.2.3 命令返回值和命令对应的过程的返回值.......................................................................... 62

3.3 扩展自己的命令：方法(二)........................................................................................................64

3.3.1 Tcl_Obj结构......................................................................................................................... 64

3.3.2 编写扩展命令对应的C/C++过程....................................................................................... 66

3.3.3 注册命令...............................................................................................................................67

3.4 利用clientData参数和deleteProc参数......................................................................................... 67

3.5 在C/C++应用程序中嵌入TCL.................................................................................................... 71

4 总结..............................................................................................................................................................72

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TCL 培训教程华为 Tool Command Language