Android 蓝牙使用 示例

# AndroidBluetooth 应用体验 http://sj.qq.com/myapp/detail.htm?apkName=com.chat.blue.androidlongs.bluechatapplication # AndroidBluetooth 1、安卓蓝牙聊天通迅 2、安卓BLE通信 ## 说明 1、在ble包中，是谷歌官方中提供的方式 2、在BleConnectionActivity 中，是依据 ble包中的信息提取出来的 BLE设备连接通迅的 3、在MainActiviy中 为扫描BLE 设备方法 4、DeviceModel 为设置Model #综述 ## BLE 是Bluetooth Low Energy的缩写 BL不再支持传统的 BR/RED协议 ，在BLE应用中 ,所有的协议 服务都是基于Gatt ## BLE协议蓝牙分类 单模 只支持BLE协议数据传输 双模 支持经曲蓝牙协议与BLE协议数据传输 #权限申请 ``` <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="true"/> 最好添加上以下权限，以适配某些机型 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"/> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> <uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> ``` # 1、Android 中BLE协议通信 ## 1.1 检查蓝牙是否支持BLE协议 ``` boolean isBleUsed = getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE); ``` ## 1.2 初始化操作 ``` //获取 BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE); //获取 BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter(); //判断是否支持 if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) { Log.e("ble","设备不支持蓝牙"); Toast.makeText(this,"设备不支持蓝牙",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else { Log.d("ble","设备支持蓝牙"); } BluetoothAdapter 代表要地的蓝牙适配器设备，通过此类可以让用户能用执行基本的蓝牙任务 ``` ## 1.3 开启扫描 ### 1.3.1 开始扫描与停止 ``` /** * 扫描BLE设备 */ private boolean isScanBleDevice = false; private void scanBleDevice(){ if (!isScanBleDevice) { //开始扫描 mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mScanCallback); }else { //停止扫描 mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mScanCallback); } } ``` ### 1、3、2 扫描到BLE设备回调方法 //扫描到BLE设备的回调 private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() { @Override public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) { if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) { // Android 5.0 及以上 } else { // Android 5.0 以下 mHandler.post(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { } }); } } }; ## 1.4 连接BLE设备 ### 1.4.1 获取BLE设备 点击列表跳转到设备连接页面，将BLE设备信息传递 //对应的BLE蓝牙设备 private BluetoothDevice mBluetoothDevice; //创建连接 //连接服务对应的Gatt private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt; mBluetoothGatt = mBluetoothDevice.connectGatt(this, true, mGattCallback); //连接服务的回调响应 private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() { @Override public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) { if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) { Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server."); Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices()); isConnect = true; } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) { isConnect = false; Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server."); } } @Override public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered gatt succeess received: " + status); //处理服务数据 dataInitFunction(); } else { Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered gatt other received: " + status); } } @Override public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) { if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) { } byte[] value = characteristic.getValue(); Log.d("ble--", "ble -- " + "收到消息 " + new String(value)); } @Override public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) { } }; 当连接成功后，会回调方法 onServicesDiscovered 当状态信息为 status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS 的时候，可以获取到外围设备中提供的服务 ### 1.4.2 处理获取扫描到的外围设备的服务 private void dataInitFunction() { //获取 外围设备中提供的服务 List<BluetoothGattService> mBluetoothGattServices = mBluetoothGatt.getServices(); if (mBluetoothGattServices != null) { //获取每个服务中 for (BluetoothGattService mBluetoothGattService : mBluetoothGattServices) { //获取服务的UUID String uuid = mBluetoothGattService.getUuid().toString(); Log.e("ble--", "ble-- " + uuid); //获取服务中对应的 所有的characteristic List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristics = mBluetoothGattService.getCharacteristics(); for (BluetoothGattCharacteristic bluetoothGattCharacteristic : characteristics) { //获取characteristic的信息 String charaUUid = bluetoothGattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString(); Log.e("ble--", "ble-- --- " + charaUUid); } } } } ### 1.4.3 发送消息到 外围设备中 private String mServiceUUIDString = "50b168cf-85fa-43e5-9665-a0faefb42a89"; private String mServiceUUID = "beb07058-7edd-46de-af18-a7d4ae069e53"; private boolean isConnect = true; //写入BLE 消息 private void writeBluetooh() { if (mBluetoothGatt != null) { if (!isConnect) { Log.e("ble", "连接断开，重新连接"); //连接已断开 mBluetoothGatt.connect(); return; } //获取指定类型的服务 BluetoothGattService service = mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString(mServiceUUIDString)); if (service != null) { //获取指定的 characteristic BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic = service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString(mServiceUUID)); if (characteristic != null) { //设置数据 characteristic.setValue("this is a bluetooth test ".getBytes()); //写入 mBluetoothG