Table of Contents SEEP/W
Page ii
Triangular grid regions ................................................................................................ 36
Rectangular grid of quads .......................................................................................... 37
3.4 Surface layers 37
3.5 Joining regions 40
3.6 Meshing for transient analyses 41
3.7 Finite elements 42
3.8 Element fundamentals 43
Element nodes ............................................................................................................ 43
Field variable distribution ............................................................................................ 43
Element and mesh compatibility ................................................................................. 44
Numerical integration .................................................................................................. 46
Secondary variables ................................................................................................... 47
3.9 Infinite regions 47
3.10 General guidelines for meshing 49
Number of elements ................................................................................................... 49
Effect of drawing scale ............................................................................................... 50
Mesh purpose ............................................................................................................. 50
Simplified geometry .................................................................................................... 52
4 Material Models and Properties ........................................................ 53
4.1 Soil behavior models 53
Material models in SEEP/W ....................................................................................... 53
4.1 Soil water storage – water content function 54
Factors affecting the volumetric water content ........................................................... 56
4.2 Storage function types and estimation methods 56
Estimation method 1 (grain size - Modified Kovacs) .................................................. 57
Estimation method 2 (sample functions) .................................................................... 59
Closed form option 1 (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) ....................................................... 60
Closed form option 2 (Van Genuchten, 1980) ............................................................ 61
4.3 Soil material function measurement 62
Direct measurement of water content function ........................................................... 62
4.4 Coefficient of volume compressibility 63
4.5 Hydraulic conductivity 64
4.6 Frozen ground hydraulic conductivity 66
4.7 Conductivity function estimation methods 68
Method 1 (Fredlund et al, 1994) ................................................................................. 68
Method 2 (Green and Corey, 1971) ........................................................................... 69
