### Struts 源代码分析 #### 一、概述 Struts 是一款开源的MVC框架,用于构建Java Web应用程序。它遵循Model-View-Controller(MVC)设计模式,帮助开发者更有效地组织代码结构,使得业务逻辑与展示逻辑分离。在本篇文章中,我们将深入分析Struts的源代码,并探讨其核心组件和技术细节。 #### 二、Apache License 2.0详解 在Struts源代码中,首先映入眼帘的是Apache License 2.0的许可证声明。这份声明定义了用户使用、复制和分发Struts源代码的权利与义务。让我们一起来详细解读一下其中的关键条款: 1. **许可定义**:“许可”是指此文档第1至9条所规定的使用、复制和分发的条件。 2. **许可人**:“许可人”指的是拥有版权或被版权所有者授权颁发许可的个人或实体。 3. **法律实体**:这里指行使实体以及所有控制、被控制或与其共同控制的其他实体。为了定义的目的,“控制”意味着(i)直接或间接地,通过合同或其他方式导致该实体的方向或管理;或(ii)拥有百分之五十(50%)以上的已发行股份;或(iii)对该实体的实际所有权。 4. **您(或您的)**:指行使由本许可授予权限的个人或法律实体。 5. **源形式**:指进行修改的首选形式,包括但不限于软件源代码、文档源和配置文件。 6. **对象形式**:指任何源自源形式的形式,包括但不限于编译的目标代码、生成的文档和其他媒体类型。 7. **作品**:指根据许可提供的作者的作品,无论是源形式还是对象形式,如作品中包含或附带的版权声明所示(下面的附录提供了一个示例)。 8. **衍生作品**:指基于(或源自)作品的任何形式的作品,无论是在源形式还是对象形式,如果编辑修订、注释、扩展或其他修改代表整体上的原创作品,则视为衍生作品。为了本许可的目的,不包括那些与作品及其衍生作品保持分离,或者仅通过接口与之链接(或通过名称绑定)的作品。 9. **贡献**:指任何作者的作品,包括原版作品及其任何修改或添加到作品中的衍生作品,这些是由版权所有者或个体有意提交给许可人用于包含在作品中的。 #### 三、Struts架构分析 Struts框架主要由以下几个核心组件构成: 1. **ActionServlet**:作为整个Web应用的控制器,负责接收用户的请求,并决定调用哪个Action来处理这些请求。ActionServlet继承自 HttpServlet 类,重写了 doService 方法以处理请求。 2. **Action**:每个Action类都对应一个具体的业务逻辑处理。Action类通常实现 org.apache.struts.action.Action 接口,其中定义了 execute 方法,该方法负责实际的业务逻辑处理。 3. **ActionForm**:ActionForm类用于封装用户的请求参数,并提供相应的验证机制。它实现了 javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest 的 getParameter 方法,以便于从请求中获取参数值。 4. **配置文件**:Struts框架依赖一系列的配置文件来定义Action、ActionForm以及视图层的表现形式。这些配置文件通常采用XML格式,如 struts-config.xml 和 web.xml。 #### 四、技术要点 - **拦截器**:Struts框架支持拦截器技术,允许开发者编写自定义的拦截器来处理诸如登录验证、数据校验等通用任务。 - **视图层技术**:Struts默认使用JSP作为视图层,但也可以结合其他视图技术,如Freemarker、Velocity等。 - **国际化**:Struts提供了强大的国际化支持,通过资源文件来管理不同的语言环境。 #### 五、结语 通过对Struts源代码的学习,我们不仅能够深入了解其内部工作原理,还能掌握如何更好地利用该框架构建高效稳定的Java Web应用。希望本文能为您的学习之旅带来帮助。
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