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### TMS320LF240x DSP C编程入门 #### 介绍在面对不熟悉的数字信号处理器（DSP）时，代码开发者经常会遇到如何起步的问题。一个好的示例程序能够展示正确的DSP初始化、中断处理以及外设操作方法，对开发者来说是极其宝贵的资源。本篇应用报告提供了一套用于初始化和操作TMS320LF240x DSP设备的基础代码。这些代码既适用于汇编语言也适用于C语言，并且提供了两个功能等效的示例程序：一个用汇编语言编写，另一个用C语言编写。 #### 硬件设置报告详细介绍了两种硬件环境的设置方法：TMS320LF2407评估模块（EVM）和eZdsp LF2407开发套件。通过这两种方式，开发者可以快速上手并测试所提供的示例代码。 ##### TMS320LF2407 EVM 设置 - **电源**: 描述了如何连接电源及确保电源的稳定性。 - **接口**: 指导用户正确连接外部设备，如显示器或传感器。 - **软件工具**: 推荐了必要的软件开发工具，例如集成开发环境（IDE）的选择与安装。 ##### eZdsp LF2407 开发套件设置 - **硬件组件**: 列出了开发套件中的所有硬件部件，包括DSP处理器、内存模块、输入/输出接口等。 - **安装指南**: 提供了逐步的安装指南，帮助用户完成硬件组装。 - **调试工具**: 介绍了如何配置调试工具，以便于开发者进行故障排除。 #### 使用 Code Composer GEL 文件 Code Composer Studio 是一款流行的集成开发环境，它支持TMS320系列DSP的开发。GEL 文件是一种图形编辑语言文件，用于配置 Code Composer Studio 的项目设置。本节解释了如何使用 GEL 文件来配置开发环境，以便更好地适应 TMS320LF240x DSP 的特性。 #### 示例程序概览本报告提供了两个示例程序的概述，分别用汇编语言和C语言编写。每个程序都包含了初始化DSP、设置中断向量表、配置外设等功能。 - **汇编语言示例程序**: 详细介绍了使用汇编语言进行DSP编程的基本步骤，包括指令集的使用、寄存器配置等。 - **C语言示例程序**: 介绍了使用C语言进行DSP编程的方法，包括库函数的使用、数据类型的选择等。 #### 汇编语言示例程序详解该部分深入探讨了汇编语言示例程序的各个组成部分，如启动代码、中断服务例程等。通过对这些代码段的逐行分析，读者可以理解如何使用汇编语言控制DSP的硬件资源。 - **启动代码**: 解释了启动代码的作用及其如何初始化内存和寄存器。 - **中断服务例程**: 描述了中断处理机制，包括如何响应中断请求、保存上下文、执行中断处理逻辑以及恢复上下文。 - **外设配置**: 讨论了如何配置DSP的外设，比如定时器、串行通信接口等。 #### C语言示例程序详解这部分对C语言示例程序进行了详细的分析，涵盖了初始化函数、主循环等内容。 - **初始化函数**: 解释了如何使用C语言初始化DSP的硬件资源，包括设置中断向量表、配置外设等。 - **主循环**: 介绍了主循环的功能，即不断检查中断标志并调用相应的处理函数。 #### 结论本应用报告通过提供汇编语言和C语言的示例程序，为TMS320LF240x DSP的开发者提供了一个良好的起点。这些程序不仅可以在TMS320LF2407 EVM和eZdsp LF2407开发套件上运行，还可以作为任何TMS320LF240x系列DSP目标系统的代码模板。通过学习这些示例程序，开发者能够快速掌握DSP的初始化过程、中断处理机制以及外设配置方法。 #### 参考资料报告最后列出了参考文献，包括官方文档和技术手册，方便读者进一步深入学习。 #### 附录 - **汇编语言示例程序列表** - **C语言示例程序列表** - **附加内容** 这些附录提供了完整的示例程序代码，便于读者对照学习和实践。本篇应用报告通过详细的介绍和示例代码，为初学者提供了一个全面了解TMS320LF240x DSP编程的平台。无论是选择汇编语言还是C语言，开发者都能从中获得实用的编程技巧和经验。

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Application Report

SPRA755A - July 2002

Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the

TMS320LF240x DSP

David M. Alter DSP Applications – Semiconductor Group

ABSTRACT

This application report presents basic code for initializing and operating the TMS320LF240x

†

DSP devices. Two functionally equivalent example programs are presented: one written in

assembly language and the other in C language. Detailed discussions of each program are

provided that explain numerous compiler and assembler directives, code requirements, and

hardware-related requirements. The programs are ready to run on either the TMS320LF2407

Evaluation Module (EVM) or the eZdsp LF2407 development kit. However, they are also

intended for use as a code template for any TMS320LF240x

†

(LF240x) or TMS320LF240xA

†

(LF240xA) DSP target system.

Contents

1 Introduction 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Hardware Setup 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 LF2407 EVM Setup 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2 eZdspE LF2407 Setup 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 Using the Code Composer GEL File 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 Overview of the Example Programs 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Assembly Language Example Program 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 C Language Example Program 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 Conclusion 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 References 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A Assembly Language Example Program Listing 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix B C Language Example Program Listing 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix C Addendum to Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the 23

TMS320LF240x DSP 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Figures

Figure 1 Assembly Language Example Program Code Flow 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Figure 2 C Language Example Program Code Flow 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

†

Go to http://www.ti.com for a complete list of TMS320C24x devices.

eZdsp is a trademark of Spectrum Digital Incorporated.

TMS320C24x is a trademark of Texas Instruments.

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

SPRA755A

2 Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the TMS320LF240x DSP

1 Introduction

A hurdle often faced by code developers working with an unfamiliar DSP is knowing how to get

started. A good example program that illustrates proper DSP initialization, interrupt handling,

and peripheral operation can be invaluable. This application report presents basic code for

initializing and operating the TMS320LF240x devices. Although the code herein is designed to

run on either the TMS320LF2407 Evaluation Module (EVM) or the eZdsp LF2407

development kit, it is also applicable, and intended for use, as a code template for any

TMS320LF240x (LF240x) or TMS320LF240xA (LF240xA) DSP target system.

This application report presents two functionally equivalent example programs: one written in

assembly language, and the other written in C programming language. A reader who possesses

an understanding of one of these two languages can compare the two programs to understand

the coding in the other language. The philosophy behind the code examples is to keep them as

simple and clear as possible. Therefore, only a few of the numerous peripherals on the LF2407

DSP are exercised. The assumption is that once the basic coding techniques for configuring a

peripheral register are illustrated, the reader can easily duplicate the code to configure any other

peripheral.

In addition to the example programs, two complete header files are provided that define the

addresses of all user-programmable registers on the LF2407 DSP: one for assembly code and

the other for C code. Finally, a Code Composer v4.1x gel file is provided (along with usage

instructions) that conveniently places all LF2407 peripheral registers into a Code Composer

menu for easy inclusion into a debugger watch window.

2 Hardware Setup

The example programs in this application note are designed to run out-of-the-box on either the

LF2407 EVM or eZdsp LF2407. If you do not have one of these boards, all of the benefits of

the example programs are still available to you. You simply may not be able to run the programs

without making modifications to them for your particular target board.

2.1 LF2407 EVM Setup

The example programs are ready to run on the LF2407 EVM board without any modification. It is

assumed that the reader already has the EVM board, an emulator (e.g., XDS510PP-plus from

Spectrum Digital Inc. or XDS510) and a debugger (e.g., Code Composer v4.10 or v4.12)

installed on a PC and ready to go. It is beyond the scope of this application report to provide

direction on tools installation. Please see the installation instructions that came with the tools for

assistance with this.

Numerous jumpers exist on the EVM board. The following are jumper setting requirements for

proper operation of the example programs:

• JP5: This jumper controls the voltage level of the VCCP pin on the DSP. Normally, leave it in

the 1–2 position. If you want to program the FLASH with the example program, set to the

2–3 position during FLASH programming. It is good practice to return it to the 1–2 position

after FLASH programming.

Code Composer is a trademark of Texas Instruments.

SPRA755A

Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the TMS320LF240x DSP

• JP6: This jumper controls the voltage level of the MP/MC pin on the DSP. Normally, set to

the 1–2 position to use the external RAM in place of the internal FLASH. Set to the 2–3

position if you want to program the FLASH with the example program, and leave in the 2–3

position to run the program out of the FLASH after it is programmed.

• JP13: Set to the 1–2 position. This uses the clock oscillator on the EVM board.

• JP16: Set to the 1–2 position. This disables bootloading.

All other jumper settings are don’t cares for the example programs, since those jumpers affect

peripherals that are not used here (e.g., CAN, SPI, ADC, or SCI). Additional information on

these jumpers can be found in reference [7].

The LF2407 EVM is assumed to contain a 7.3728 MHz on-board oscillator. The example

programs configure the DSP phase-locked loop (PLL) for multiply-by-four mode, which gives a

CPU clock of 29.49 MHz (i.e., 30 MHz). The values stated in this report for the PWM carrier

frequency, GPIO toggle period, and LED bank update rate have been computed assuming a 30

MHz CPU clock. If a different oscillator value is used, these values will be different. In addition,

one must be careful not to exceed the rated clock speed of the DSP in use (30 MHz for current

LF240x devices or 40 MHz for current LF240xA devices). Some early LF2407 EVM boards used

15 MHz oscillators that exceed the 30 MHz DSP rating if multiplied by four with the PLL. All you

need to do in this situation is edit the example programs so that the PLL is configured for

multiply-by-two mode instead. This setting is selected by bits 11–9 in the SCSR1 register. These

bits are currently written as 000b. Change these to 001b to get the multiply-by-two PLL (see

discussions for program lines 114 and 572 in sections 5 and 6, respectively, of this document).

Also, some of the newest EVMs may have been fitted with a 40 MHz LF2407A DSP and use a

10 MHz oscillator. No program change is necessary here, although again timing values for the

PWM, GPIO toggle, etc., will differ from those stated in this report (i.e., they will be 33% faster).

For more information on the PLL and the SCSR1 register, see reference [2], pages 2–3 to 2–5.

2.2 eZdsp LF2407 Setup

The example programs are ready to run on the eZdsp LF2407 board (henceforth referred to as

eZdsp) without any modification. It is assumed that the reader already has the eZdsp and its

debugger software installed and ready to go. It is beyond the scope of this application report to

provide direction on tools installation. Please see the installation guide that came with the tools

for assistance with this.

Several jumpers exist on the eZdsp board. The following are jumper setting requirements for

proper operation of the example programs:

• JP3: This jumper controls the voltage level of the VCCP pin on the DSP. Normally, leave it in

the 1–2 position. If you want to program the FLASH with the example program, set to the

2–3 position during FLASH programming. It is good practice to return it to the 1–2 position

after FLASH programming.

• JP4: This jumper controls the voltage level of the MP/MC pin on the DSP. Normally, set to

the 1–2 position to use the external RAM in place of the internal FLASH. Set to the 2–3

position if you want to program the FLASH with the example program, and leave in the 2–3

position to run the program out of the FLASH after it is programmed.

All other jumper settings are don’t cares for the example programs, since those jumpers affect

the ADC peripheral and the ADC is not used by the example programs. Additional information

on these jumpers can be found in reference [8].

SPRA755A

4 Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the TMS320LF240x DSP

The eZdsp is assumed to contain a 14.7 MHz on-board oscillator. The on-board FPGA then

implements a divide-by-two, such that a 7.35 MHz clock signal is ultimately fed into the LF2407

DSP. The example programs configure the DSP phase-locked loop (PLL) for multiply-by-four

mode, which gives a CPU clock of 29.4 MHz (i.e., 30 MHz). The values stated in this report for

the PWM carrier frequency, GPIO toggle period, and LED bank update rate have been

computed assuming a 30 MHz CPU clock. If a different oscillator value is used, these values will

be different. In addition, you must be careful not to exceed the rated clock speed of the DSP in

use (30 MHz for current LF240x devices, or 40 MHz for current LF240xA devices). For example,

if you are using a 30 MHz oscillator instead of the standard 14.7 MHz one, using the

multiply-by-four PLL mode would exceed the 30 MHz frequency rating of the LF2407 DSP. All

you need to do in this situation is edit the example programs so that the PLL is configured for

multiply-by-two mode instead. This setting is selected by bits 11–9 in the SCSR1 register, and

these bits are currently written as 000b. Change these to 001b to get the multiply-by-two PLL

(see discussions for program lines 114 and 572 in sections 5 and 6, respectively, of this

document). For more information on the PLL and the SCSR1 register, see reference [2], pages

2–3 to 2–5.

3 Using the Code Composer GEL File

The file lf2407.gel is provided with this application report download. This is a script file

containing startup instructions for TMS320C2xx Code Composer v4.1x. Specifically, it has been

tested with v4.10 and v4.12 of this debugger. When installed with Code Composer, it causes all

LF2407 DSP peripheral registers to be listed on the GEL menu inside Code Composer. When a

particular register is selected on this menu (e.g., by clicking on it with your PC mouse), that

aid during code debug, and avoids having to fumble through the user’s guide to look up register

addresses. Note that the peripheral set of the LF2407 DSP is a superset of all other current

240x and 240xA devices. Therefore, this gel file is usable with any 240x or 240xA target.

To use the gel file with Code Composer, place the file in the C:\tic2xx\cc\gel directory on your PC

(assuming you used the default installation paths when you installed Code Composer). Then,

right-click on the shortcut (or Windows 95/98 Start menu item) that you use to invoke Code

Composer. Select Properties, and then click on the Short Cut menu. The Target: box on this

menu should show the following (again assuming default installation paths):

C:\tic2xx\cc\bin\cc_app.exe C:\tic2xx\cc\gel\init.gel

To use the lf2407.gel file, simply change the Target: box to read:

C:\tic2xx\cc\bin\cc_app.exe C:\tic2xx\cc\gel\lf2407.gel

4 Overview of the Example Programs

There are two functionally identical programs provided. The first is written in TMS320C2xx DSP

assembly language, while the second is written in C programming language. Each example

program has been tested on both the LF2407 EVM and the eZdsp LF2407. Code generation

was performed using the TMS320C2x/C2xx/C5x Code Generation Tools PC v7.00, with C2xx

Code Composer Software Package PC v4.12 as the debugger. The C example program was

tested with compiler optimization disabled, and also with level 3 (–o3) optimization.

SPRA755A

Getting Started in C and Assembly Code With the TMS320LF240x DSP

Each example program performs the following tasks on the DSP:

• Configures the two System Control and Status registers

• Disables the Watchdog Timer

• Configures the external memory interface

• Configures the shared device pins

• Configures GP Timer 1 and the compare units to provide 20KHz, 25% duty cycle symmetric

PWM on the PWM1 pin. This can be observed by connecting an oscilloscope to the

PWM1/IOPA6 signal located on the EVM and eZdsp signal headers.

• Configures GP Timer 2 to provide a 250ms interrupt

• Configures the core and event manager interrupt registers, and enables global interrupts

• In the GP Timer 2 interrupt service routine, the following is performed:

– Context save/restore using a software stack

– The quad LED bank on the EVM is sequenced (250 ms update rate). This is visible only

on the EVM, since the eZdsp does not have the quad LED bank. However, no

modifications to the program are necessary for operation on the eZdsp. The LED

update instructions produce a benign write to I/O space on the external memory interface

of the DSP when using the eZdsp.

– The IOPC0 pin is toggled, producing a 2 Hz (500ms) square wave. On the EVM, the

IOPC0 pin is connected to the red LED labeled DS1 on the board. On the eZdsp, the

IOPC0 pin is connected to the red LED labeled DS2 on the board. Users can visually see

the pin toggle by observing the LED. Alternately, an oscilloscope can be connected to the

W/R

/IOPC0 pin on the EVM and eZdsp signal headers.

In addition, the example programs illustrate the following concepts:

• How to work with multiple files

• How to work with multiple code sections

• How to write an interrupt service routine using either C or assembly language

• How to insert inline assembly code into a C language program

• How to access the I/O space using either C or assembly language

• How to access peripheral registers using either C or assembly language

• How to use include files

• Complete core interrupt vector tables for C and assembly language programs

• Example LF2407 DSP linker command files for both C and assembly language programs

Finally, note that besides running from external memory, each example program can be

programmed into the internal FLASH memory on the LF2407 DSP and run out of the FLASH on

either the LF2407 EVM or the eZdsp LF2407, without the need for any file modifications.

剩余41页未读，继续阅读

死鬼娃娃

2013-02-14

还可以吧。这个芯片也便宜。

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