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’

REILLY

Short Cuts

Find more at shortcuts.oreilly.com

O’REILLY

Short Cuts

Scripting

InDesign

CS3/4 with

JavaScript

By Peter Kahrel

ISBN: 978-0-596-80252-3

InDesign provides a powerful set

of tools for producing beautiful

documents. While you can certainly

do all your work by hand through

InDesign’s graphical interface, there

are many times when it’s much easier to

write a script. Once you’ve automated

a task, you can run it over the whole

document, ensuring consistency, or

just when you need it, simplifying and

speeding your layout process. All it

takes is a bit of JavaScript knowledge

and a willingness to explore InDesign’s

programming features.

Contents

Introduction �� 2

Hello World! �� 3

The ExtendScript Toolkit (ESTK) �� 5

InDesign’s Object Model �� 8

The Object Model Viewer�� 15

JavaScript �� 18

Catching Errors �� 36

Running Scripts �� 37

Working with Text�� 38

Working with Tabs �� 45

Find and Change �� 47

Tables �� 58

Text Frames �� 66

Graphics �� 71

Captions �� 72

Resources �� 73

O’REILLY

Short Cuts

Scripting InDesign CS3/4 with JavaScript 2

Introduction

Two things stand between the would-be scripter and an InDesign Javascript:

InDesign’s object model and JavaScript. Though both are complex, once a few

hurdles are overcome, anyone can start writing scripts fairly quickly. This PDF

hopes to show that numerous tedious tasks in InDesign can be automated with very

simple scripts of sometimes just one or two lines. These simple scripts can pave the

way to more complicated scripts. What you need most of all is determination.

To give just one short example, imagine this task: you have a document with

dozens of pages, and each page contains one or more text frames and one or more

graphics. All these page items are on the same layer, and you decide that the

document would be much easier to handle if the graphics were on a separate layer.

The task, then, consists of two steps: create a new layer and move all graphics

to this layer. Can you imagine doing this manually? Well, the following two-line

script does it for you in a couple of seconds:

myLayer = app.activeDocument.layers.add ({name: "pictures"});

app.activeDocument.rectangles.everyItem( ).itemLayer = myLayer;

The rst line creates a new layer with the name “pictures,” the second line moves

all graphics to that layer. You ask, “But how do I know that layers are added like

that,” and “How do I know that graphics are in an object ‘rectangle’?” Read on—

the purpose of this PDF is to show how to nd this out. Another aim is to show

that there are many very tedious and labor-intensive tasks in InDesign which can

be solved with surprisingly simple scripts. You might even begin to enjoy writing

scripts!

This book is intended for people who know InDesign fairly well but do not

necessarily know much about scripting/programming. Knowledge of InDesign is

necessary; after all, if you don’t know InDesign, there’s not much point trying to

script it. Knowledge of a programming language is not necessary (though it helps,

of course). I believe that anyone can learn how to write scripts up to a certain level.

You don’t have to be a mathematician in order to acquire some scripting skills.

Besides, creating JavaScripts for InDesign is not about computer science: it is

about making something work in InDesign.

The PDF is organized as follows. We begin with writing a short script, “Hello

world,” to show which steps are involved in creating a script, saving it, and

running it. This section is followed by a brief overview of the ExtendScript Toolkit

(ESTK), the environment in which you write scripts. We tackle here just what you

need to use it meaningfully. The section after that deals with InDesign’s object

O’REILLY

Short Cuts

Scripting InDesign CS3/4 with JavaScript 3

model, providing an outline and its general principles, and some illustration of

properties and methods. After that comes a JavaScript primer. This is not a full

JavaScript course but deals with the main elements of the language and gives some

examples to get you started. The last three sections turn to some specic areas

in which scripts are useful to ll some voids in InDesign. All of them essentially

handle text. The rst of these sections deals with a number of basic text-scripting

techniques. After that, there’s a section that goes into various aspects of nd and

change. I rst show how this can be scripted merely to automate InDesign’s Find/

Change dialog, then move on to show how Find can be used to script a exible

kerning editor. We then take a close look at tables. Though InDesign’s tables

are quite powerful, some features are missing and we’ll show how these can be

scripted. In the last section we turn to some aspects text frames.

InDesign’s implementation of JavaScript is cross-platform. A script that you write

on a Mac also works on a PC. The book, then, can be used both by Mac users and

PC users. I refer to keys using both Mac and PC names where relevant (Return/

Enter, Ctrl/Cmd, Alt/Opt).

All of the scripts in this book have been tried and tested, and should work as

advertised in both CS3 and CS 4. Nevertheless, before trying any script, even those

that seem simple and innocuous, always make a copy of your document or try

the script on a mock document. Never try out a script on an unsaved production

document: InDesign’s undo works very well, but you don’t want to put yourself at

its mercy.

Hello World!

Let’s write a very simple script, save it, and run it. Do as follows (the method

we’re about to describe is the quickest and easiest right now, if not the most

elegant—we’ll sort that out shortly).

• In InDesign, open the scripts panel (Window → Automation → Scripts), click

on the “User” folder to display the scripts there, then right-click on any script’s

name, and choose “Edit Script” from the yout (see Figure 1).

• InDesign’s script editor, the ExtendScript Toolkit (ESTK), is launched and the

script you selected is opened in it. The screenshot in Figure 2 shows the ESTK.

• Never mind what you see displayed: press Opt/Ctrl+A to select all text and press

Del to delete it.

• In the edit window, type the following line (see Figure 2):

alert (“Hello World!”);

O’REILLY

Short Cuts

Scripting InDesign CS3/4 with JavaScript 5

• The script’s name will appear in InDesign’s Scripts panel. To run the script,

double-click its name. You should see an alert on your screen with the message

“Hello World!”; see Figure 3.

In the next section we turn to the ESTK in some more detail: we’ll show how to

start it as an independent application and how to run script directly from it.

The ExtendScript Toolkit (ESTK)

Scripts are plain text les that can be written in any text editor that can save les

as plain text (BBEdit, Notepad), but we’ll use the ESTK as it’s a dedicated editor

for writing JavaScripts and it comes free with InDesign. The ESTK can be started

as we did in the previous section, namely, by choosing to edit an existing script

in the Scripts panel. And indeed if you want to change an existing script, that’s a

convenient way.

But in the long run it’s easier to launch the ESTK as an independent application.

The application can be found in Program Files/Adobe/Adobe Utilities/ExtendScript

Toolkit CS4 (or, for CS3, in ExtendScript Toolkit 2). I have a shortcut to the

program (ExtendScript Toolkit.exe) on my desktop so I can launch it easily.

When saving a script, you can use any name, but you must use the extension .jsx.

Where to save your script depends on your operating system; see the box “Where

to Save Scripts” for details.

When the ESTK has launched you see it displayed on your screen as shown in

Figure 2. The layout of the different windows and panels will differ. We’ll not

go into great detail here; see Help → JavaScript Toolsguide CS4, chapter 2, for a

detailed introduction into the ESTK. Here, we’ll discuss just some basic features.

Like in InDesign, documents in the ESTK are displayed in the main window in

tabs with each document’s name displayed in the tab. The rst time you start the

ESTK, several panels are opened as well. For our purposes the most important

panel is the Console. This is the panel that you see in the top right in Figure 2

and is used by the ESTK to display various outputs of scripts that you run from

Figure 3.

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