第 40 卷 第 17 期 中 国 电 机 工 程 学 报 Vol.40 No.17 Sep. 5, 2020
2020 年 9 月 5 日 Proceedings of the CSEE ©2020 Chin.Soc.for Elec.Eng. 5435
DOI:
10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.200141
文章编号:
0258-8013 (2020) 17-5435-10
中图分类号:
TM 73
基于主从博弈的社区综合能源系统分布式协同
优化运行策略
王海洋,李珂,张承慧
*
,马昕
(山东大学控制科学与工程学院,山东省 济南市 250061)
Distributed Coordinative Optimal Operation of Community Integrated Energy System
Based on Stackelberg Game
WANG Haiyang, LI Ke, ZHANG Chenghui
*
, MA Xin
(School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong Province, China)
ABSTRACT: As the energy market shifts from a traditional
vertically integrated structure to an interactive competitive
structure, the distributed characteristics of
community
integrated energy system (CIES) have intensified, and
centralized optimization methods have been difficult to reveal
the interaction between multiple agents. This paper proposed a
distributed coordinative operation strategy of CIES based on
the Stackelberg game, which takes the integrated energy
retailer as the leader, the renewable combined cooling heating
and power (CCHP) operator and the load aggregator as the
followers
respectively, to solve the balanced strategy of all
parties in pursuit of the optimal objective. Firstly, the trading
pattern and mathematical model of CIES were introduced, and
embedded into the Stackelberg game framework to establish
one-leader multi-follower distributed coordinative optimization
model. Next, the Stackelberg equilibrium of the proposed
model was proven to be unique, and solved by a distributed
solution based on genetic algorithm combined with quadratic
programming. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed
method was verified by practical examples, the benefit of
renewable CCHP operator and consumer surplus of load
aggregator were improved simultaneously.
KEY WORDS: integrated energy system; optimal operation;
demand response; Stackelberg game; pricing strategy
摘要:随着能源市场由传统的垂直一体式结构向交互竞争型
结构转变,社区综合能源系统的分布式特征愈发明显,传统
的集中优化方法难以揭示多主体间的交互行为。该文提出一
种基于主从博弈的社区综合能源系统分布式协同优化运行
策略,将综合能源销售商作为领导者,新能源冷热电联供运
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(61821004,61573223,61733010);
山东大学基本科研业务费专项项目(2018JC032)。
Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
(61821004, 61573223, 61733010); Fundamental Research Funds of
Shandong University (2018JC032).
营商和负荷聚合商作为跟随者,求解各方在追求目标最优时
的交互策略。首先,介绍社区综合能源系统的交易模式及数
学模型,并将其嵌入到主从博弈框架下,建立一主多从的分
布式协同优化模型。其次,证明 Stackelberg 均衡的唯一性,
并通过遗传算法和二次规划相结合的算法求解。最后,通过
算例验证所提方法的有效性,供能侧的收益和用能侧的消费
者剩余同时得到提升。
关键词:综合能源系统;优化运行;需求响应;主从博弈;
定价策略
0 引言
高效、清洁、低碳是当今世界能源发展的主流
方向。发展实现能源与信息等领域新技术深度融
合,适应分布式能源发展、多元化(冷、热、电、气
等)用能需求等新业态的综合能源系统已成为能源
革命的客观要求与必然选择
[1]
。其中,以冷热电联
供(combined cooling heating and power,CCHP)系统
为核心,以“源–网–荷”各环节协同为主要特征的
社区综合能源系统(community integrated energy
system,CIES),有助于促进新能源规模化开发,实
现不同能源的优势互补,保障社区内部经济高效用
能
[2-3]
,日益成为研究热点。
CIES 对各种能源的产生、传输、转换、消费、
交易等环节实施有机协调与优化,具有多能流耦
合、多时间尺度、多运行工况等诸多全新特性,使
得其优化运行极具挑战
[4]
。目前国内外的研究主要
聚焦在该类系统的集中式优化运行策略,文献[5-7]
分别研究不同结构的 CCHP 型综合能源系统多目标
优化运行策略,文献[8]对比分析 CCHP 型微能源网
独立运行和多网协调运行 2 种方式的经济性,然而