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Node.js
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Node.js
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About the Tutorial
Node.js is a very powerful JavaScript-based framework/platform built on Google Chrome's
JavaScript V8 Engine. It is used to develop I/O intensive web applications like video
streaming sites, single-page applications, and other web applications. Node.js is open
source, completely free, and used by thousands of developers around the world.
Audience
This tutorial is designed for software programmers who want to learn the basics of Node.js
and its architectural concepts. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on all the
necessary components of Node.js with suitable examples.
Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a basic understanding of JavaScript.
As we are going to develop web-based applications using Node.js, it will be good if you
have some understanding of other web technologies such as HTML, CSS, AJAX, etc.
Execute Node.js Online
For most of the examples given in this tutorial, you will find a Try it option, so just make
use of this option to execute your Node.js programs on the spot and enjoy your learning.
Try the following example using the Try it option available at the top right corner of the
below sample code box (on our website):
/* Hello World! program in Node.js */
console.log("Hello World!");
Copyright & Disclaimer
Copyright 2016 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.
All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I)
Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish
any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent
of the publisher.
We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as
possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt.
Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our
website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or
in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@tutorialspoint.com
Node.js
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Table of Contents
About the Tutorial ............................................................................................................................................ i
Audience ........................................................................................................................................................... i
Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................................................... i
Execute Node.js Online..................................................................................................................................... i
Copyright & Disclaimer ..................................................................................................................................... i
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................ ii
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1
What is Node.js? .............................................................................................................................................. 1
Features of Node.js ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Who Uses Node.js? .......................................................................................................................................... 2
Concepts .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Where to Use Node.js? .................................................................................................................................... 2
Where Not to Use Node.js? ............................................................................................................................. 2
2. Environment Setup ................................................................................................................................... 3
Try it Option Online ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Local Environment Setup ................................................................................................................................. 3
Text Editor ....................................................................................................................................................... 3
The Node.js Runtime ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Download Node.js Archive .............................................................................................................................. 4
Installation on UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X and SunOS............................................................................................ 4
Installation on Windows .................................................................................................................................. 4
Verify Installation: Executing a File.................................................................................................................. 5
3. First Application ........................................................................................................................................ 6
Creating Node.js Application ........................................................................................................................... 6
4. REPL Terminal ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Online REPL Terminal ...................................................................................................................................... 9
REPL Commands ............................................................................................................................................ 11
Stopping REPL ................................................................................................................................................ 11
5. NPM ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
Installing Modules using NPM ....................................................................................................................... 12
Global vs Local Installation ............................................................................................................................ 12
Using package.json ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Attributes of Package.json ............................................................................................................................. 19
Uninstalling a Module ................................................................................................................................... 19
Updating a Module ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Search a Module ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Create a Module ............................................................................................................................................ 19
6. Callback Concept ..................................................................................................................................... 21
What is Callback? ........................................................................................................................................... 21
Blocking Code Example.................................................................................................................................. 21
Non-Blocking Code Example .......................................................................................................................... 22
Node.js
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7. Event Loop .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Event-Driven Programming ........................................................................................................................... 23
Example ......................................................................................................................................................... 24
How Node Applications Work? ..................................................................................................................... 25
8. Event Emitter .......................................................................................................................................... 26
EventEmitter Class ......................................................................................................................................... 26
Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
Class Methods ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Events ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Example ......................................................................................................................................................... 28
9. Buffers .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Creating Buffers ............................................................................................................................................. 30
Writing to Buffers .......................................................................................................................................... 30
Reading from Buffers ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Convert Buffer to JSON .................................................................................................................................. 32
Concatenate Buffers ...................................................................................................................................... 33
Compare Buffers ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Copy Buffer .................................................................................................................................................... 34
Slice Buffer ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
Buffer Length ................................................................................................................................................. 36
Methods Reference ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Class Methods ............................................................................................................................................... 41
10. Streams ................................................................................................................................................... 43
What are Streams? ........................................................................................................................................ 43
Reading from a Stream .................................................................................................................................. 43
Writing to a Stream ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Piping the Streams ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Chaining the Streams..................................................................................................................................... 46
11. File System .............................................................................................................................................. 48
Synchronous vs Asynchronous ...................................................................................................................... 48
Open a File ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Get File Information ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Writing a File ................................................................................................................................................. 53
Reading a File................................................................................................................................................. 54
Closing a File .................................................................................................................................................. 56
Truncate a File ............................................................................................................................................... 57
Delete a File ................................................................................................................................................... 59
Create a Directory ......................................................................................................................................... 60
Read a Directory ............................................................................................................................................ 61
Remove a Directory ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Methods Reference ....................................................................................................................................... 63
12. Global Objects ........................................................................................................................................ 69
__filename ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
__dirname ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
setTimeout(cb, ms) ........................................................................................................................................ 70
clearTimeout (t) ............................................................................................................................................. 70
setInterval(cb, ms) ......................................................................................................................................... 71
Global Objects ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Node.js
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Console Object .............................................................................................................................................. 72
Process Object ............................................................................................................................................... 74
13. Utility Modules ....................................................................................................................................... 81
OS Module ..................................................................................................................................................... 81
Path Module .................................................................................................................................................. 83
Net Module.................................................................................................................................................... 85
DNS Module................................................................................................................................................... 92
Domain Module ............................................................................................................................................. 95
14. Web Module ........................................................................................................................................... 99
What is a Web Server? .................................................................................................................................. 99
Web Application Architecture ....................................................................................................................... 99
Creating a Web Server using Node .............................................................................................................. 100
Make a request to Node.js server ............................................................................................................... 102
Creating a Web client using Node ............................................................................................................... 102
15. Express Framework ............................................................................................................................... 104
Express Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 104
Installing Express ......................................................................................................................................... 104
Hello world Example .................................................................................................................................... 104
Request & Response .................................................................................................................................... 106
Request Object ............................................................................................................................................ 106
Response Object .......................................................................................................................................... 109
Basic Routing ............................................................................................................................................... 115
Serving Static Files ....................................................................................................................................... 118
GET Method ................................................................................................................................................. 119
POST Method............................................................................................................................................... 121
File Upload ................................................................................................................................................... 123
Cookies Management .................................................................................................................................. 125
16. RESTful API ........................................................................................................................................... 126
What is REST Architecture? ......................................................................................................................... 126
HTTP methods ............................................................................................................................................. 126
RESTful Web Services .................................................................................................................................. 126
Creating RESTful for a Library ...................................................................................................................... 126
List Users ..................................................................................................................................................... 128
Add Users .................................................................................................................................................... 129
Show Detail .................................................................................................................................................. 130
Delete a User ............................................................................................................................................... 131
17. Scaling an Application ........................................................................................................................... 133
The exec() method....................................................................................................................................... 133
The spawn() Method ................................................................................................................................... 135
The fork() Method ....................................................................................................................................... 137
18. Packaging .............................................................................................................................................. 139
JXcore Installation ....................................................................................................................................... 139
Packaging the Code ..................................................................................................................................... 140
Launching JX File .......................................................................................................................................... 140
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