Oracle 11g rac管理最佳实战手册

Cluster 基本概念：

Cluster:通过互连的节点，而对外只提供单个 server

Cluster 的特点：

HA （High Available）：

1、容错（Failover）

2、负载均衡（Balance）

GRID：网格管理，可以通过 GRID 架构集中管理 RAC 节点

安装环境：

OS ：RedHat Enterprise 5.5

Oracle: Oracle 11g 11.2.0

Grid： Oracle 11g

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd -g 202 oper

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd -g 203 asmadmin

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd -g 204 asmoper

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd -g 205 asmdba

[root@node1 ~]#

[root@node1 ~]# useradd -u 200 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

[root@node1 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@node1 ~]$ id

uid=200(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=200(oinstall),201(dba),202(oper),205(asmdba)

groupadd -g 200 oinstall

groupadd -g 201 dba

groupadd -g 202 oper

groupadd -g 203 asmadmin

groupadd -g 204 asmoper

groupadd -g 205 asmdba

useradd -u 200 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle

useradd -u 201 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid

[root@node2 ~]#

-----建立目录

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory/

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

[root@node1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

[root@node1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

------建立目录脚本

[root@node2 ~]# cat mkdir.sh

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory/

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

--------编辑/etc/hosts

[root@node2 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

10.10.10.1 node1-priv

192.168.8.21 node2

192.168.8.23 node2-vip

10.10.10.2 node2-priv

192.168.8.25 rac_scan

---------修改内核参数

/etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

-------内核参数修改生效

[root@node1 ~]# sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

grid soft nproc 2047

grid hard nproc 16384

grid soft nofile 1024

grid hard nofile 65536

grid soft stack 10240

-----修改/etc/pam.d/login

[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so

/etc/profile :

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

----关闭系统 ntp 服务，采用 oracle 自带的时间同步服务

[root@node1 ~]# chkconfig ntpd off

[root@node1 ~]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.bak

[root@node2 ~]# chkconfig sendmail off

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

export EDITOR=vi

----grid 用户

[oracle@node1 ~]$ su - grid

Password:

[grid@node1 ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

export EDITOR=vi

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1

umask 022

[grid@node1 ~]$

2、配置共享存储

----通过 ASM 管理

1）OCR DISK ：存储 CRS 资源配置信息

2）VOTE DISK：仲裁盘，记录节点状态

3）Data Disk：存放 datafile、controlfile、redologfile、spfile 等

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux

/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 22.7 GB, 22769827840 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2768 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes