美河学习在线 www.eimhe.com Service
by Linshentech
EX 系列交换机
命令行配置指导手册
Version 2.0
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目 录
第一章 交换机基础知识 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 认识 JUNIPER 交换机 ............................................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 JUNOS 操作系统基础 ........................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1 交换机配置模式 ......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 交换机配置结构 ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.3 TAB 和空格键的使用 ................................................................................................................................ 12
1.2.4 用户模式和配置模式 show 的区别 ......................................................................................................... 13
1.2.5 如何将配置转换成 set 命令 .................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.6 commit 和 rollback .................................................................................................................................... 16
1.3 EX 交换机命令菜单结构 .................................................................................................................................. 18
第二章 操作指导 ................................................................................................................................................ 31
2.1 通过 CONSOLE 线连接交换机 ............................................................................................................................. 31
2.2 SYSTEM 系统参数配置 ....................................................................................................................................... 32
2.2.1 设置 root 密码 .......................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2.2 设置主机名 ............................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2.3 设置 DNS 服务器 ...................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2.4 设置日期时间 ........................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2.5 设置 NTP 服务器 ...................................................................................................................................... 33
2.2.6 开启远程 Telnet 登陆服务 ....................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.7 开启远程 Ftp 服务 .................................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.8 开启远程 ssh 登陆 .................................................................................................................................... 34
2.2.9 开启远程 http 登陆服务 .......................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.10 添加/删除用户 ....................................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.10.1 添加用户 ............................................................................................................................................................ 35
2.2.10.2 修改用户类别 .................................................................................................................................................... 35
2.2.10.3 修改用户密码 .................................................................................................................................................... 36
2.2.10.4 删除用户 ............................................................................................................................................................ 36
2.2.11 用户权限设置 ......................................................................................................................................... 36
2.3 VLAN 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
2.3.1 VLAN 配置步骤 ....................................................................................................................................... 38
2.3.2 VLAN 配置规范要求 ............................................................................................................................... 38
2.3.3 添加 VLAN............................................................................................................................................... 38
2.3.4 修改端口 VLAN ....................................................................................................................................... 40
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2.3.5 删除 VLAN ............................................................................................................................................... 40
2.3.6 配置 VLAN 网关 IP ................................................................................................................................... 41
2.4 TRUNK 配置 ........................................................................................................................................................ 41
2.4.1 Trunk 配置步骤 ........................................................................................................................................ 41
2.4.2 如何设置 Trunk ......................................................................................................................................... 41
2.4.3 允许/禁止 VLAN 通过 Trunk .................................................................................................................... 42
2.5 端口配置 ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
2.5.1 端口配置规范要求 ................................................................................................................................... 42
2.5.2 修改端口速率 ........................................................................................................................................... 42
2.5.3 修改端口工作模式 ................................................................................................................................... 42
2.5.4 修改端口为 L3 模式 ................................................................................................................................. 43
2.5.5 修改端口为 L2 模式 ................................................................................................................................. 43
2.6 生成树配置 ....................................................................................................................................................... 43
2.6.1 RSTP 协议概览 ......................................................................................................................................... 43
2.6.2 MSTP 协议概览 ........................................................................................................................................ 45
2.6.3 STP 配置实例（生成树） ....................................................................................................................... 47
2.6.4 RSTP 配置实例（快速生成树） ............................................................................................................. 48
2.6.5 MSTP 配置 实例（多生成树协议） ....................................................................................................... 51
2.7 端口捆绑 .......................................................................................................................................................... 55
2.7.1 端口捆绑步骤 ........................................................................................................................................... 55
2.7.2 L2 端口捆绑 ............................................................................................................................................. 55
2.7.3 L3 端口捆绑............................................................................................................................................. 56
2.8 ECMP 负载均衡配置 ....................................................................................................................................... 56
2.9 路由协议配置 ................................................................................................................................................... 57
2.9.1 静态路由配置 ........................................................................................................................................... 57
2.9.1.1 添加静态路由 ...................................................................................................................................................... 58
2.9.1.2 删除静态路由 ...................................................................................................................................................... 58
2.9.1.3 调整静态路由优先值 .......................................................................................................................................... 58
2.9.1.4 设置备份静态路由 .............................................................................................................................................. 58
2.9.1.5 指定静态路由下一跳端口 .................................................................................................................................. 58
2.9.2 OSPF 配置 ................................................................................................................................................ 58
2.9.2.1 OSPF 配置步骤 ...................................................................................................................................... 58
2.9.2.2 OSPF 配置实例（单区域） .................................................................................................................. 62
2.9.2.3 OSPF 路由过滤 ...................................................................................................................................... 64
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2.10 端口镜像 ........................................................................................................................................................ 64
2.10.1 端口镜像的概述 .................................................................................................................................... 64
2.10.2 端口镜像的目的 .................................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.3 端口镜像的功能 ................................................................................................................................... 65
2.10.4 端口镜像工作原理 ................................................................................................................................ 65
2.10.5 端口输入输出流量镜像 ....................................................................................................................... 67
2.10.6 带过滤条件的端口镜像 ......................................................................................................................... 67
2.11 端口 MAC 地址限制 ....................................................................................................................................... 68
2.12 端口广播风暴控制 ......................................................................................................................................... 68
2.13 VRRP 虚拟路由冗余协议 ............................................................................................................................... 69
2.13.1 VRRP 概览 .............................................................................................................................................. 69
2.13.2 VRRP 工作原理 ...................................................................................................................................... 70
2.13.3 如何配置 VRRP....................................................................................................................................... 71
2.13.4 如何检查 VRRP 状态 .............................................................................................................................. 72
2.13.5 如何切换 VRRP....................................................................................................................................... 73
2.14 BFD 配置 （双向转发检测） .................................................................................................................. 73
2.14.1 BFD 概览 ................................................................................................................................................. 73
2.14.2 BFD 介绍 ................................................................................................................................................. 74
2.14.3 BFD 的报文格式 ..................................................................................................................................... 74
2.14.4 检测模式 ......................................................................................................................................... 75
2.14.5 发送周期及检测时间 ..................................................................................................................... 76
2.14.6 参数修改 ......................................................................................................................................... 77
2.14.7 会话建立 ......................................................................................................................................... 77
2.14.8 BFD 的标准化 ...................................................................................................................................... 79
2.14.9 OSPF 中配置 BFD ................................................................................................................................. 80
2.14.10 静态路由中配置 BFD ............................................................................................................................ 80
2.15 交换机 FIREWALL 限制功能........................................................................................................................ 81
2.15.1 限制 IP 地址 .................................................................................................................................... 81
2.15.2 限制 MAC 地址 ............................................................................................................................... 81
2.16 VIRTUAL-CHASSIS 设置 .................................................................................................................................. 82
2.16.1 VC 知识 ................................................................................................................................................ 82
2.16.2 如何建立 VC 组 ............................................................................................................................... 83
2.16.3 如何扩充 VC 组交换机 ................................................................................................................... 85
2.16.4 如何利用 uplink 链路组成 VC ........................................................................................................ 86
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2.16.5 如何对 VC 组进行切换 ................................................................................................................... 88
2.17 SNMP 配置................................................................................................................................................ 88
2.17.1 SNMP 协议概览 ................................................................................................................................... 88
2.17.2 SNMP 基本简介 ................................................................................................................................... 88
2.17.3 配置 SNMP ...................................................................................................................................... 89
2.18 SYSLOG 配置 ............................................................................................................................................... 90
第三章 交换机维护操作 ..................................................................................................................................... 90
3.1 交换机启动和关闭 ........................................................................................................................................... 90
3.1.1 交换机重启 ............................................................................................................................................... 90
3.1.2 交换机关闭 ............................................................................................................................................... 91
3.2 配置备份和恢复 ............................................................................................................................................... 91
3.2.1 交换机文件备份 ...................................................................................................................................... 91
3.2.2 配置文件的恢复 .................................................................................................................................. 92
3.3 如何升级交换机 OS ................................................................................................................................. 93
3.4 如何恢复出厂设置 ................................................................................................................................... 93
3.5 密码恢复 .................................................................................................................................................. 93
3.6 日常维护命令 ................................................................................................................................................... 95
3.6.1 查看序列号 show chassis hardware ............................................................................................... 95
3.6.2 查看硬件 show chassis hardware ................................................................................................... 95
3.6.3 查看软件版本 show version .............................................................................................................. 95
3.6.4 查看 CPU show chassis routing-engine .......................................................................................... 95
3.6.5 ping 命令 .............................................................................................................................................. 95
3.6.6 查看设备告警信息 show chassis alarms ........................................................................................ 95
3.6.7 查看详细的硬件温度及状态信息 show chassis environment ....................................................... 95
3.6.8 查看接口 VRRP 状态信息 show vrrp ................................................................................................. 95
