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2009 届本科毕业论文(设计)
论文题目:基于单片机的太阳能草坪灯的设计与实现
摘 要
太阳能作为可再生能源的一种,指太阳能的直接转化和利用,通
过转换装置把太阳辐射能转换成热能,再利用热能进行发电。本设计
是对目前草坪灯存在的抗干扰性低,不能自动化控制,且寿命短等缺
陷进行改进与创新。
本设计首先采用了太阳能电池作为能源,以达到环保节能的目的;
利用单片机技术实现草坪灯的光电控制、定时控制和节能控制,其次
内部设置有蓄电池,用于保证在阴雨天气对蓄电池进行充电,以给草
坪灯供电。控制电路分析和讨论了各个部分的电路原理、控制策略,
能根据光线和定时控制的要求决定草坪灯的点亮和关断。系统有很好
的抗干扰性,断电时可以保存用户所设定的各种参数。
关键词:太阳能光电池,控制器,蓄电池,草坪灯,单片机
1
The design of Solar lawn lamp
Abstract
Solar energy as a renewable energy that the direct conversion of
solar energy and use, through the conversion device to convert solar
radiation into heat, and then use heat to generate electricity. This design is
the existence of the current anti-lawn lamp low, can not be automatic
control, and defects such as short life improvements and innovation.
First of all, the design of solar cells used as a source of energy in
order to achieve the purpose of environmental protection and energy
saving; Lawn lamp single-chip technology using opto-electronic control,
time control and energy-saving control,followed by internal battery set
up for wet weather to ensure that the battery charger to power supply to
the lawn.Control circuit analysis and discussion of the various parts of the
circuit principle and control strategy, based on the control of lighting and
timing requirements of the decision of the lawn lamp lit, and turn-off.
Have a good anti-jamming system, the power can be saved when the user
set various parameters.
Key words: Solar PV,Controller,Batteries,Lawn lamp,Single-chip
目 录
1 引言 ........................................................................................................2
1.1 国内外太阳能的发展现状 ..............................................................3
1.2 太阳能的利用 ..................................................................................5
2 方案论证 ................................................................................................5
2.1 设计要求 ..........................................................................................5
2.2 方案选择 ..........................................................................................6
3 系统整体电路 ........................................................................................7
3.1 太阳能电池板 ..................................................................................8
3.2 太阳能控制器 ................................................................................11
3.3 蓄电池的选择 ................................................................................12
3.4 单片机介绍 ....................................................................................14
3.4.1 主要特性 ..................................................................................14
3.4.2 管脚说明 ..................................................................................14
3.4.3 振荡器特性 ..............................................................................17
3.4.4 芯片擦除 ..................................................................................17
3.4.5 结构特点 ..................................................................................18
4 系统单元电路的设计 ..........................................................................18
4.1 照明负载 ........................................................................................18
4.2 充放电控制原理 ............................................................................21
4.3 太阳能供电系统容量的计算 ........................................................23
1
4.4 控制器电源电路 ............................................................................24
4.5 光控电路 ........................................................................................24
4.6 系统时钟电路 ................................................................................25
4.7 掉电存储电路 ................................................................................28
4.8 数码管显示电路 ............................................................................30
4.9 单片机硬件电路 ............................................................................31
5 系统程序设计 ......................................................................................32
6 结束语 ..................................................................................................32
致谢 ..........................................................................................................34
参考文献 ..................................................................................................35
附录 1 总体电路图 .................................................................................38
附录 2 程序 .............................................................................................39
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