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论文基于.net外文翻译.doc
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专业外文翻译
题 目
基于J2EE在分布式环境下的
底层结构的自动动态配置的应用
系 (院)
专 业
班 级
学生姓名
学 号
指导教师
职 称
滨州学院教务处
二〇一〇年三月一日
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滨州学院本科毕业设计(专业外文翻译)
1
Infrastructure for Automatic Dynamic
Deployment Of J2EE Application in
Distributed Environments
Anatoly Akkerman, Alexander Totok, and Vijay Karamcheti
1. Introduction
In recent years, we have seen a significant growth in component-based enterprise
application development. These applications are typically deployed on company Intranets
or on the Internet and are characterized by high transaction volume, large numbers of
users and wide area access. Traditionally they are deployed in a central location, using
server clustering with load balancing (horizontal partitioning) to sustain user load.
However, horizontal partitioning has been shown very efficient only in reducing
application-related overheads of user-perceived response times, without having much
effect on network-induced latencies. Vertical partitioning (e.g., running web tier and
business tier in separate VMs) has been used for fault isolation and load balancing but it
is sometimes impractical due to significant run-time overheads (even if one would keep
the tiers on a fast local-area network) related to heavy use of remote invocations. Recent
work in the context of J2EE component based applications has shown viability of vertical
partitioning in wide-area networks without incurring the aforementioned overheads. The
key conclusions from that study can be summarized as follows:
• Using properly designed applications, vertical distribution across wide-area networks
improves user-perceived latencies.
• Wide-area vertical layering requires replication of application components and
maintaining consistency between replicas.
• Additional replicas may be deployed dynamically to handle new requests.
• Different replicas may, in fact, be different implementations of the same component
based on usage (read-only, read-write).
• New request paths may reuse components from previously deployed paths.
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滨州学院本科毕业设计(专业外文翻译)
2
Applying intelligent monitoring and AI planning techniques in conjunction with the
conclusions of that study, we see a potential for dynamic adaptation in industry-standard
J2EE component-based applications in wide area networks
Through deployment of additional application components dynamically based on
active monitoring. However, in order to achieve such dynamic adaptation, we need an
infrastructure for automating J2EE application deployment in such an environment. This
need is quite evident to anyone who has ever tried deploying a J2EE application even on a
single application server, which is a task that involves a great deal of configuration of
both the system services and application components. For example one has to set up
JDBC data sources, messaging destinations and other resource adapters before application
components can be configured and deployed. In a wide area deployment that spans
multiple server nodes, this proves even more complex, since more system services that
facilitate inter-node communications need to be configured and started and a variety of
configuration data, like IP addresses, port numbers, JNDI names and others have to be
consistently maintained in various configuration files on multiple nodes.
This distributed deployment infrastructure must be able to:
• address inter-component connectivity specification and define its effects on component
configuration and deployment,
• address application component dependencies on application server services, their
configuration and deployment,
• provide simple but expressive abstractions to control adaptation through dynamic
deployment and undeployment of components,
• enable reuse of services and components to maintain efficient use of network nodes’
resources,
• provide these facilities without incurring significant additional design effort on behalf of
application programmers.
In this paper we propose the infrastructure for automatic dynamic deployment of
J2EE applications, which addresses all of the aforementioned issues. The infrastructure
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滨州学院本科毕业设计(专业外文翻译)
3
defines architecture description languages (ADL) for component and link description and
assembly. The Component Description Language is used to describe application
components and links. It provides clear separation of application components from
system components. A flexible type system is used to define compatibility of component
ports and links. A declaration and expression language for configurable component
properties allows for specification of inter-component dependencies and propagation of
properties between components. The Component (Replica) Assembly Language allows
for assembly of replicas of previously defined components into application paths by
connecting appropriate ports via link replicas and specifying the mapping of these
component replicas onto target application server nodes. The Component Configuration
Process evaluates an application path’s correctness, identifies the dependenciesof
application components on system components, and configures component replicas for
deployment. An attempt is made to match and reuse any previously deployed replicas in
the new path based on their configurations. We implement the infrastructure as a part of
the JBoss open source Java application server and test it on several technology sample
J2EE applications – Java Pets tore, Rubies and TPC-W-NYU . The infrastructure
implementation utilizes the JBoss’s extendable micro-kernel architecture, based on the
JMX specification. Componentized architecture of JBoss allows incremental service
deployments depending on the needs of deployed applications. We believe that dynamic
reconfiguration of application servers through dynamic deployment and undeployment of
system services is essential to building a resource-efficient framework for dynamic
distributed deployment of J2EE applications. The rest of the paper is organized as follows.
Section 2 provides necessary background for understanding the specifics of the J2EE
component technology which are relevant to this study. Section 3 gives a general
description of the infrastructure architecture, while section 4 goes deeper in describing
particularly important and interesting internal mechanisms of the infrastructure. Section 5
describes the implementation of the framework, and related work is discussed in section
6.
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滨州学院本科毕业设计(专业外文翻译)
4
2. J2EE Background
2.1 Introduction
Component frameworks.
A component framework is a middleware system that supports applications
consisting of components conforming to certain standards. Application components are
“plugged” into the component framework, which establishes their environmental
conditions and regulates the interactions between them. This is usually done through
containers, component holders, which also provide commonly required support for
naming, security, transactions, and persistence. Component frameworks provide an
integrated environment for component execution, as a result significantly reduce the
effort .it takes to design, implement, deploy, and maintain applications. Current day
industry component framework standards are represented by Object Management Group’s
CORBA Component Model, Sun Microsystems’ Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
(J2EE) and Microsoft’s .NET, with J2EE being currently the most popular and widely
used component framework in the enterprise arena.
J2EE.
Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) is a comprehensive standard for
developing multi-tier enterprise Java applications. The J2EE specification among other
things defines the following:
• Component programming model,
• Component contracts with the hosting server,
• Services that the platform provides to these components,
• Various human roles,
• Compatibility test suites and compliance testing procedures.
Among the list of services that a compliant application server must provide are
messaging, transactions, naming and others that can be used by the application
components. Application developed using J2EE adhere to the classical 3-Tier
architectures – Presentation Tier, Business Tier, and Enterprise Information System (EIS)
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