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基于单片机的智能小车的设计-毕业论文.doc
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基于单片机的智能小车的设计-毕业论文.doc
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基于单片机的智能小车的设计
基于单片机的智能小车的设计
I
摘要
单片机作为一种微型控制器,自走入人们的视野以来,就随着科
技进步不断地更新换代。它能够将计算机所有关键的零件整合集中在
一块芯片上,并且具有强大的计数功能,以及各种必要的接口,因此
单片机在自动控制系统中通常处于核心地位。本文对于智能小车的设
计思路就应用了最常见的 AT89S51 单片机作控制处理器,该单片机在
低功率的基础上,能够保持其性能在一个较高的水平上,且其 8K 的
处理器够灵巧,适用于嵌入式产品,在众多单片机中,表现较为优
秀。
本设计是在单片机的基础上实施的,兼具数据处理、即时调控和
报警提醒功能,小车接到行驶指令后,红外探头会检测路况信息(是
否处在黑线路径范围内)并反馈给单片机处理,单片机判断后作出相
应指令,由电机驱动使小车执行相应行驶动作。单片机与系统的配合
使智能小车的行驶保持灵敏迅速的状态。
关键词 :单片机 寻迹 报警 红外线 电机驱动
基于单片机的智能小车的设计
II
Abstract
With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years ,
SCM applications are continually deepening. Traditional control test drive
at the same time, the rapidly growing update. In real-time detection and
control of the microcomputer application system , the microcontroller is
often used as a core component. SCM is the main feature integrated
computer chip in a micro-computer. It is a set of multi-counting and the
interface in one of the micro-controller. The 51 single-chip microcontroller
is the most typical and most representative one.
The design of the main application AT89S51 as the control , and
display driver integrated circuits and other systems. Based on single chip
design. MCU AT89S51 using the controller as an alarm device that can give
full play to AT89S51 of data processing and real-time control functions.
Make the system work in the best condition , improve the system
sensitivity.When two signal driven forward by car tracing module,the
infrares on whether to produce level signals through the black,retutn again
according to requirement of design procedure of judgment for motor driver
module,it controls the car turning back forward of running on the black line.
Keywords: SCM,Tracing, Alarm device, Level signals, Motor driver
module
基于单片机的智能小车的设计
III
目录
摘要 ............................................................................................................I
Abstract .....................................................................................................II
目录..........................................................................................................III
前言............................................................................................................1
1 设计任务及方案....................................................................................2
1.1 设计任务及要求 .........................................................................2
1.2 设计方案论证 .............................................................................2
1.2.1 控制器选择............................................................................2
1.2.2 电机驱动芯片的选择............................................................3
1.2.3 路况检测模块........................................................................4
2 系统硬件电路与实现............................................................................5
2.1 红外遥控及解码模块 .................................................................5
2.1.1 二进制信号的调制................................................................6
2.1.2 二进制信号的解调................................................................7
2.1.3 二进制信号的解码................................................................7
2.2 单片机红外接收硬件电路的实现 .............................................8
2.3 电机驱动模块 ...........................................................................9
2.4 路况检测模块 ............................................................................13
2.4.1 寻迹模块..............................................................................14
2.4.2 智能防撞报警模块..............................................................16
3 系统软件设计与实现...........................................................................17
3.1 整体程序的构架 ........................................................................18
3.2 红外遥控解码的实现 ................................................................19
3.3 电机驱动 ....................................................................................21
3.4 小车寻迹 ...................................................................................21
3.5 小车防撞报警 ...........................................................................22
4 小车系统原理图..................................................................................24
基于单片机的智能小车的设计
IV
5 系统调试..............................................................................................26
5.1 遥控发送接收调试 ...................................................................26
5.2 电机驱动调试 ...........................................................................27
5.3 寻黑线和防撞的调试 ...............................................................27
总结..........................................................................................................27
致谢..........................................................................................................28
参考文献..................................................................................................29
附录..........................................................................................................30
元件清单 ..........................................................................................30
系统程序 ..........................................................................................31
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