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单片机在多路温度、湿度控制的研究与应用-学位论文.doc
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单片机在多路温度、湿度控制的研究与应用-学位论文.doc
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XX 毕业设计(论文)
0
X X 学 院
毕业设计(论文)
课 题 名 称 单片机在多路温度、湿度控制的研究与应用
学 生 姓 名
学 号
系 、专 业
指 导 教 师
职 称
年 月 日
XX 毕业设计(论文)
1
摘 要
随着社会的进步和工业技术的发展,人们越来越重视温湿度因素,许多产品对温
湿度范围要求严格,而目前市场上普遍存在的温湿度检测仪器大都是单点测量,同时
还有温湿度信息传递不及时、精度不够的缺点,不利于工业控制者根据温湿度变化及
时做出决定。在这样的形式下,开发一种能够同时测量多点,并且实时性高、精度高,
能够综合处理多点温湿度信息的测量系统就很有必要。
本课题以 MCS51 单片机系统为核心,能对多点的温湿度进行实时巡检。各检测
单元(从机)能独立完成各自功能,同时能够根据主控机的指令对温湿度进行定时采
集,测量结果不仅能在本地显示,而且可以利用单片机串行口,通过 RS-485 总线及
通信协议将采集的数据传送到主控机,进行进一步的存档、处理。主控机负责控制指
令的发送,控制各个从机进行温度采集,收集测量数据,并对测量结果(包括历史数
据)进行整理、显示和存储。主控机与各从机之间能够相互联系、相互协调,从而达
到系统整体统一、和谐的效果。
关键词:单片机; RS485 协议; 温湿度测量
XX 毕业设计(论文)
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Abstract
As the industry and the society developing, the humiture becomes more and more
important and a lot of products are sensitive to humiture. However, humiture -measuring
apparatus in the market now only can check and measure the humiture of one point, at the
same time, the humiture information is not real time and the precision is low. It takes a
great of troubles for the industry-controllers to make decision .In this situation, design and
implement one applicable system which can watch measure and control the humiture and
the measuring results is real time and the precision is great and more essential. In order to
meeting this application, this paper talks about The Multiple-Point’s humiture Measuring
System.
This system based on single chip computer, can inspect and control multiple
humitures in real time. The Slaved Machine can collect humiture information on its own
and display it on the LED module. Following the Master Machine’s command, the Slaved
Machine can up-send the humiture information to the Master Machine through the RS-485
bus interface and the communication protocol. The Master Machine sends commands,
controls the Slaved Computer gathering and up-sending the humiture data including
history information, and it manages processes and stores the humiture information. The
Master and Slaved Computer will exchange information and correspond to each other, so it
works together perfectly.
Key words: single chip computer; RS-485 protocol; measure- humiture
XX 毕业设计(论文)
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目 录
1 概述·······························································································1
1.1 系统整体目标··············································································1
1.2 方案比较·····················································································1
2 硬件设计························································································4
2.1 稳压电源的设计·······································································4
2.2 温湿度传感器选用······································································6
2.3 通信模块设计············································································16
2.4 键盘模块的设计········································································19
2.5 液晶显示模块的设计·································································23
2.6 单片机控制电路········································································25
3 软件设计·····················································································34
3 . 1 程 序设 计 语言 与 软件 开 发环 境 · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · 34
3.2 软件程序设计·········································································35
4 抗 干 扰设计与误差分析·· · · · · ········ · · · · ······· · · · · · ······· · · · · ········ · · · · ······· · · · · 4 1
4.1 抗干扰设计················································································41
4.2 误差分析····················································································44
总 结······································································································47
参考资料··································································································48
致 谢······································································································49
XX 毕业设计(论文)
4
1 概述
1.1 系统整体目标
本系统的实现目标:
(1) 实时巡检功能
本系统能够同时检测 4 路温湿度,检测温度范围:0℃~400℃,湿度范围:0~
100%RH;
(2) 高精度
应用 12 位 AD 转换芯片,采用过采样和工频周期求均值技术,分辨率达到 16 位,
检测温度变化最小值达到 0.007℃,湿度最小值达到 5%RH。
(3) 传输距离远
使用 RS-485 串行总线进行传输,MAX485 驱动芯片进行电平转换,传送距离大
于 1200m,抗干扰能力强。
(4) 功能完善
① 由主控机统一设置系统时间和温湿度修正值。
② 可由主控机分别设置各从机的温湿度报警上下限,主机、从机均具有声光报
警功能。
③ 具有定时、整点收集各从机数据功能,使用 I
2
C 串行 E
2
PROM,可保存各从
机以往 24 小时的数据,具有数据更新与掉电保护功能。
④ 具有数据存储功能,可查询各从机以往 24 小时的温湿度情况。
从机可显示当前温湿度、时间、报警阈值等信息。
主从机均采用中文点阵式液晶显示器,人机界面友好。
⑤ 自带+5V 和+12V 直流稳压电源。
1.2 方案比较
温湿度测量的方案有很多种,可以采用传统的分立式传感器、模拟集成传感器以
及新兴的智能型传感器。对于控制系统可以采用计算机、单片机等。
1.2.1 设计方案一
采用模拟分立元件,如电容、电感或晶体管等非线形元件,实现多点温湿度的测
量及显示,该方案设计电路简单易懂,操作简单,且价格便宜,但采用分立元件分散
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