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Java 介绍 Java 是一种面向对象的程序设计语言，旨在满足异构、网络分发环境中的应用程序开发挑战。Java 的设计考虑了安全、高性能、跨平台、动态扩展等多方面的需求。 Java 的历史可以追溯到一项研究项目，该项目旨在为广泛的网络设备和嵌入式系统开发高级软件。该项目的目标是开发一个小型、可靠、便携、分布式、实时操作平台。当项目开始时，C++ 是首选语言，但随着时间的推移，C++ 遇到的困难逐渐增加，于是创建了一种全新的语言平台。Java 的设计和架构决策来自多种语言，如 Eiffel、SmallTalk、Objective C 和 Cedar/Mesa。 Java 的设计要求是由计算环境的性质所驱动的。互联网和万维网的快速增长使我们需要重新思考软件的开发和分发方式。为适应电子商务和分发的世界，Java 必须能够开发安全、高性能、强健的多平台应用程序在异构分布式网络中。 Java 的架构中立、便携和动态适应能力是其核心特征。Java 平台的设计目标是满足异构环境中的应用程序开发需求，包括安全、跨平台、动态扩展等方面。 Java 语言的特点包括： 1. 面向对象：Java 是一种面向对象的语言，支持 encapsulation、inheritance 和 polymorphism 等面向对象的编程概念。 2. 平台独立：Java 程序可以在任何支持 Java 虚拟机（JVM）的平台上运行，不受操作系统和硬件平台的限制。 3. 动态加载：Java 类可以在运行时动态加载和卸载，实现了高效的资源利用和灵活的系统配置。 4. 安全性：Java 有一个内置的安全机制，可以防止恶意代码的执行和数据的泄露。 Java 在现代软件开发中的应用非常广泛，包括： 1. Web 开发：Java 广泛应用于 Web 开发，使用 Java Servlet、JavaServer Pages 和 JavaServer Faces 等技术创建动态网页。 2. Android 应用程序开发：Java 是 Android 操作系统的主要开发语言，用于开发 Android 应用程序。 3. 企业软件开发：Java 广泛应用于企业软件开发，用于开发大型的企业级应用程序。 4. 桌面应用程序开发：Java 也可以用于开发桌面应用程序，例如 IDE、媒体播放器等。 Java 是一种功能强大、灵活、安全的编程语言，广泛应用于现代软件开发领域。

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(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译

外文原文

Introduction to Java

autor：Martin Ngobye。

source：Computing Static Slice for Java Programs

Java is designed to meet the challenges of application development in the

context of heterogeneous, network—wide distributed environments. Paramount among

these challenges is secure delivery of applications that consume the minimum of

system resources， can run on any hardware and software platform, and can be extended

dynamically。

Java originated as part of a research project to develop advanced software for

a wide variety of network devices and embedded systems. The goal was to develop a

small， reliable， portable， distributed, real-time operating platform。 When the

project started， C++ was the language of choice。 But over time the difficulties

encountered with C++ grew to the point where the problems could best be addressed

by creating an entirely new language platform. Design and architecture decisions

drew from a variety of languages such as Eiffel ， SmallTalk, Objective C, and

Cedar/Mesa. The result is a language platform that has proven ideal for developing

secure， distributed, network based end-user applications in environments ranging from

network—embedded devices to the World-Wide Web and the desktop.

The design requirements of Java are driven by the nature of the computing

environments in which software must be deployed.

The massive growth of the Internet and the World-Wide Web leads us to a

completely new way of looking at development and distribution of software. To live

in the world of electronic commerce and distribution， Java must enable the development

of secure, high performance, and highly robust applications on multiple platforms

in heterogeneous， distributed networks.

Operating on multiple platforms in heterogeneous networks invalidates the

traditional schemes of binary distribution, release, upgrade， patch， and so on。 To

survive in this jungle， Java must be architecture neutral, portable, and dynamically

adaptable。

The Java system that emerged to meet these needs is simple, so it can be

easily programmed by most developers； familiar, so that current developers can easily

learn Java ； object oriented ， to take advantage of modern software development

methodologies and to fit into distributed client-server applications ；

multithreaded， for high performance in applications that need to perform multiple

(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译

concurrent activities, such as multimedia； and interpreted， for maximum portability

and dynamic capabilities。

Together, the above requirements comprise quite a collection of buzzwords， so let's

examine some of them and their respective benefits before going on。

What's completely new is the manner in which Java and its run—time system

have combined them to produce a flexible and powerful programming system..

Developing your applications using Java results in software that is portable

across multiple machine architectures ， operating systems ， and graphical user

interfaces， secure， and high performance， With Java， your job as a software

developer is much easier-you focus your full attention on the end goal of shipping

innovative products on time， based on the solid foundation of Java。 The better way

to develop software is here, now， brought to you by the Java language platform。

Very dynamic languages like Lisp, TCL, and SmallTalk are often used for

prototyping。 One of the reasons for their success at this is that they are very

robust—you don’t have to worry about freeing or corrupting memory。

Similarly, programmers can be relatively fearless about dealing with memory

when programming in Java， The garbage collection system makes the programmer’s job

vastly easier; with the burden of memory management taken off the programmer’s

shoulders, storage allocation errors go away. Another reason commonly given that

languages like Lisp, TCL, and SmallTalk are good for prototyping is that they

don't require you to pin down decisions early on—these languages are semantically

rich。

Java has exactly the opposite property ： it forces you to make explicit

choices. Along with these choices come a lot of assistance—you can write method

invocations and ， if you get something wrong, you get told about it at compile

time。 You don’t have to worry about method invocation error.

The Java beginner must grasp 30 basic concepts

Basic concept

　1.In OOP the only relations is what the object's interface， such as the computer

seller he leaves alone internal structure of electrical source， but he is only concerned

about that whether the power will be supplied to you, also so long as know can or

not but is not how and why。All procedures are make up of certain attribute and the

behavior object, the different object visit invokes through the function

invocation， between the object all intercommunion are invoke through the method

invocation, By object data encapsulation, enhances reuse rate very much..

2。In OOP the most important thought is class， the class is the template ,is

(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译

a blueprint， construct an object from a class, namely construct an instance of the

class。

3. Encapsulation: is that combines the data and the behavior in a package） and

hides the data the realization process to the object user， in an object data is called

its instance field。

　　4。Through expands a class to obtain a new class is called inheritance， but

all classes are constructed by the object super root class of expansion, super

root class of as follows can make the introduction.

　　5.Object 3 principal characteristics

　　Behavior-—— explained this object can make what。

　　Tate--- when the object exerts the method object reflection。

　　Dentity-—- and other similar behavior objects discrimination symbols.

　　Each object has only indentity and among three characteristics they affect

mutually.

　　6. Relations among classes：

　　Use-a：Dependent relation

　　Has-a：Polymerization relation

　　Is-a: inheritor relation -- example：A class has inherited B class， this time

A class not only has B class of method, but also has its own method(Individuality

exists in general character)

　　7。Structure object use structure:Structure proposing， the structure is one

special method， the structure object and to its initialization.

　　Example：A Data class of structure calls Data

　　New Data () —-- structure a new object, also initialize current time。

　　Data happyday=new Data (） ——- an object evaluates an variable happyday，

thus enables this object to be used many times, here be stated the cause variable

and the object variable are different。

　　New returns the value is a quotation.

　　Constructor characteristic：The constructor may have 0, one or many parameters

　　The constructor and the class have the same name

A class may have many constructor。 The constructor has not returned value

　 The constructor always be together used with the new operator

　　 8. Over loading: When many methods have the same name when includes the

different parameter， then has the over loading Which method does the compiler have

to choose invokes。

　　9。Package : Java allow one or many classes to become together as group, is

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