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(完整版)java介绍外文翻译.doc
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(完整版)java介绍外文翻译.doc
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(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译
外文原文
Introduction to Java
autor:Martin Ngobye。
source:Computing Static Slice for Java Programs
Java is designed to meet the challenges of application development in the
context of heterogeneous, network—wide distributed environments. Paramount among
these challenges is secure delivery of applications that consume the minimum of
system resources, can run on any hardware and software platform, and can be extended
dynamically。
Java originated as part of a research project to develop advanced software for
a wide variety of network devices and embedded systems. The goal was to develop a
small, reliable, portable, distributed, real-time operating platform。 When the
project started, C++ was the language of choice。 But over time the difficulties
encountered with C++ grew to the point where the problems could best be addressed
by creating an entirely new language platform. Design and architecture decisions
drew from a variety of languages such as Eiffel , SmallTalk, Objective C, and
Cedar/Mesa. The result is a language platform that has proven ideal for developing
secure, distributed, network based end-user applications in environments ranging from
network—embedded devices to the World-Wide Web and the desktop.
The design requirements of Java are driven by the nature of the computing
environments in which software must be deployed.
The massive growth of the Internet and the World-Wide Web leads us to a
completely new way of looking at development and distribution of software. To live
in the world of electronic commerce and distribution, Java must enable the development
of secure, high performance, and highly robust applications on multiple platforms
in heterogeneous, distributed networks.
Operating on multiple platforms in heterogeneous networks invalidates the
traditional schemes of binary distribution, release, upgrade, patch, and so on。 To
survive in this jungle, Java must be architecture neutral, portable, and dynamically
adaptable。
The Java system that emerged to meet these needs is simple, so it can be
easily programmed by most developers; familiar, so that current developers can easily
learn Java ; object oriented , to take advantage of modern software development
methodologies and to fit into distributed client-server applications ;
multithreaded, for high performance in applications that need to perform multiple
(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译
concurrent activities, such as multimedia; and interpreted, for maximum portability
and dynamic capabilities。
Together, the above requirements comprise quite a collection of buzzwords, so let's
examine some of them and their respective benefits before going on。
What's completely new is the manner in which Java and its run—time system
have combined them to produce a flexible and powerful programming system..
Developing your applications using Java results in software that is portable
across multiple machine architectures , operating systems , and graphical user
interfaces, secure, and high performance, With Java, your job as a software
developer is much easier-you focus your full attention on the end goal of shipping
innovative products on time, based on the solid foundation of Java。 The better way
to develop software is here, now, brought to you by the Java language platform。
Very dynamic languages like Lisp, TCL, and SmallTalk are often used for
prototyping。 One of the reasons for their success at this is that they are very
robust—you don’t have to worry about freeing or corrupting memory。
Similarly, programmers can be relatively fearless about dealing with memory
when programming in Java, The garbage collection system makes the programmer’s job
vastly easier; with the burden of memory management taken off the programmer’s
shoulders, storage allocation errors go away. Another reason commonly given that
languages like Lisp, TCL, and SmallTalk are good for prototyping is that they
don't require you to pin down decisions early on—these languages are semantically
rich。
Java has exactly the opposite property : it forces you to make explicit
choices. Along with these choices come a lot of assistance—you can write method
invocations and , if you get something wrong, you get told about it at compile
time。 You don’t have to worry about method invocation error.
The Java beginner must grasp 30 basic concepts
Basic concept
1.In OOP the only relations is what the object's interface, such as the computer
seller he leaves alone internal structure of electrical source, but he is only concerned
about that whether the power will be supplied to you, also so long as know can or
not but is not how and why。All procedures are make up of certain attribute and the
behavior object, the different object visit invokes through the function
invocation, between the object all intercommunion are invoke through the method
invocation, By object data encapsulation, enhances reuse rate very much..
2。In OOP the most important thought is class, the class is the template ,is
(完整版)java 介绍外文翻译
a blueprint, construct an object from a class, namely construct an instance of the
class。
3. Encapsulation: is that combines the data and the behavior in a package) and
hides the data the realization process to the object user, in an object data is called
its instance field。
4。Through expands a class to obtain a new class is called inheritance, but
all classes are constructed by the object super root class of expansion, super
root class of as follows can make the introduction.
5.Object 3 principal characteristics
Behavior-—— explained this object can make what。
Tate--- when the object exerts the method object reflection。
Dentity-—- and other similar behavior objects discrimination symbols.
Each object has only indentity and among three characteristics they affect
mutually.
6. Relations among classes:
Use-a:Dependent relation
Has-a:Polymerization relation
Is-a: inheritor relation -- example:A class has inherited B class, this time
A class not only has B class of method, but also has its own method(Individuality
exists in general character)
7。Structure object use structure:Structure proposing, the structure is one
special method, the structure object and to its initialization.
Example:A Data class of structure calls Data
New Data () —-- structure a new object, also initialize current time。
Data happyday=new Data () ——- an object evaluates an variable happyday,
thus enables this object to be used many times, here be stated the cause variable
and the object variable are different。
New returns the value is a quotation.
Constructor characteristic:The constructor may have 0, one or many parameters
The constructor and the class have the same name
A class may have many constructor。 The constructor has not returned value
The constructor always be together used with the new operator
8. Over loading: When many methods have the same name when includes the
different parameter, then has the over loading Which method does the compiler have
to choose invokes。
9。Package : Java allow one or many classes to become together as group, is
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