操作系统课后习题3.9.2复习题
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2023-04-12
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3.9.2复习题
● 3.1什么是指令跟踪？（What is instruction tracking）
● 指令跟踪是指为该进程而执行的指令序列。（Instruction tracking refers to the sequence of
instructions executed for the process.）
● 3.2哪些常见的事情会触发进程的创建（What common things trigger process creation）
● 新的批处理作业；交互登录；操作系统因为提供一项服务而创建；由现有的进程派生。（New
batch job; Interactive login; The operating system is created because it provides a service;
Derived from an existing process.）
● 3.3.对于图3.6中的进程模型，请简单定义每个状态。（For the process model in Figure 3.6,
simply define each state.）
● 运行态：该进程正在执行。就绪态：进程做好了准备，只要有机会就开始执行。（Running
status: the process is executing. Ready state: the process is ready and will be executed as
soon as possible.）
● 阻塞态：进程在某些事件发生前不能执行，如I/O操作完成。（Blocked: the process cannot
execute before some events occur, such as the completion of I / O operations.）
● 新建态：刚刚创建的进程，操作系统还没有把它加入到可执行进程组中。（New : the newly
created process has not been added to the executable process group by the operating
system.）
● 退出态：操作系统从可执行进程组中释放出的进程，或者是因为它自身停止了，或者是因为某种原
因被取消。（Exit : the process released by the operating system from the executable
process group, either because it stops itself or is cancelled for some reason.）
● 3.4抢占一个进程是什么意思？（What does it mean to preempt a process?）
● 处理器为了执行另外的进程而终止当前正在执行的进程，这就叫进程抢占（The processor
terminates the currently executing process in order to execute another process, which is
called process preemption.）
● 怎么是交换？其目的是什么？（What is exchange and what is its purpose?）
● 交换是指把主存中某个进程的一部分或者全部内容转移到磁盘，当主存中没有处于就绪态的进程时
，操作系统就会把一个阻塞的进程换出到磁盘中的挂起队列，从而使另一个进程能到主存中执行。
（Swap refers to transferring part or all of the contents of a process in main memory to
disk. When there is no ready process in main memory, the operating system switches a
blocked process out of the suspended queue in disk, so that another process can enter
main memory for execution.）
● 为什么图3.9（b）中有两种阻塞态？（Why are there two blocking states in Figure 3.9 (b)?）
● 有两个独立的概念：进程中是否等待一个事件（阻塞与否）以及进程是否已经被换出主存（挂起与
否）。为适应这种2*2的组合，需要两个阻塞态和两个挂起态。（There are two separate
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