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and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review should be carried out; 4) for spring hangers (included simple spring, hangers and constant support hangers) it should also be recognized as setting and locking of loads. 5) check the surface quality, folded layering and without cracks, rust and other defects. 5) after completion of the test and control drawing number one by one, by series baled. Color alloy steel parts, the parts marking installation location and rotation about the direction you want. 7.3.14. hangers installation 7.3.14.1 hanger layout a. a clear design of hanger should be installed strictly in accordance with the drawings and designs shall not be installed wrong, missing, etc. B. own arrangement of piping support and hanger set and selection should be based on comprehensive analysis of general layout of piping systems; cold installation of steam pipe with particular attention reserved for compensation of thermal expansion displacement and orientation. C. support systems should be rational to withstand pipe loads, static load and incidental load; reasonable piping displacement; guaranteed under various conditions, stress are within the allowed range. Strength, stiffness, and meet requirements to prevent vibration and soothing water, without affecting the adjacent equipment maintenance and other piping installation and expansion. D. equipment connected to the interface to meet pipeline thrust (torque) limit requirements; increase the stability of piping systems to prevent pipeline ... Tube wall thickness (mm) 2-3 4-6 7-10 weld form no slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1.5 1.5-2 weld width b (mm) 5-6 7-6 has slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1.5-2 2 weld width b (mm) cover had each edge slope mouth about 2 mm argon arc welding weld strengthening surface height and width tube wall thickness (mm) 2--3 3--4 5--6 weld form weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1 .5 1.5-2 2-2.5 width b (mm)
第 2 章 操作系统用户界面
Page 36
2.1 什么是作业?什么是作业步?
答:把在一次应用业务处理过程中,从输入开始到输出结束,用
户要求计算机所做的有关该次全部工作称为一个作业,从系统的
角度看,作业则是一个比程序更广的概念。它由程序、数据和作
业说明书组成,系统通过作业说明书控制文件形式的程序和数据,
使之执行和操作。而且,在批处理系统中,作业是抢占内存的基
本单位。也就是说,批处理系统以作业为单位把程序和数据调入
内存以便执行。作业由不同的顺序相连的作业步组成。
作业步是在一个作业的处理过程中,计算机所做的相对独立
的工作。例如,编辑输入是一个作业步,它产生源程序文件;编
译也是一个作业步,它产生目标代码文件。
2.2 作业由哪几部分组成?各有什么功能?
答:作业由三部分组成:程序、数据和作业说明书。程序和数据
完成用户所要求的业务处理工作,系统通过作业说明书控制文件
形式的程序和数据,使之执行和操作。
2.3 作业的输入方式有哪几种?各有什么特点?
答:作业的输入方式有 5 种:
(1) 联机输入方式:用户和系统通过交互式会话来输入作业。
and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review should be carried out; 4) for spring hangers (included simple spring, hangers and constant support hangers) it should also be recognized as setting and locking of loads. 5) check the surface quality, folded layering and without cracks, rust and other defects. 5) after completion of the test and control drawing number one by one, by series baled. Color alloy steel parts, the parts marking installation location and rotation about the direction you want. 7.3.14. hangers installation 7.3.14.1 hanger layout a. a clear design of hanger should be installed strictly in accordance with the drawings and designs shall not be installed wrong, missing, etc. B. own arrangement of piping support and hanger set and selection should be based on comprehensive analysis of general layout of piping systems; cold installation of steam pipe with particular attention reserved for compensation of thermal expansion displacement and orientation. C. support systems should be rational to withstand pipe loads, static load and incidental load; reasonable piping displacement; guaranteed under various conditions, stress are within the allowed range. Strength, stiffness, and meet requirements to prevent vibration and soothing water, without affecting the adjacent equipment maintenance and other piping installation and expansion. D. equipment connected to the interface to meet pipeline thrust (torque) limit requirements; increase the stability of piping systems to prevent pipeline ... Tube wall thickness (mm) 2-3 4-6 7-10 weld form no slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1.5 1.5-2 weld width b (mm) 5-6 7-6 has slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1.5-2 2 weld width b (mm) cover had each edge slope mouth about 2 mm argon arc welding weld strengthening surface height and width tube wall thickness (mm) 2--3 3--4 5--6 weld form weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1 .5 1.5-2 2-2.5 width b (mm)
(2) 脱机输入方式:利用低档个人计算机作为外围处理机进
行输入处理,存储在后援存储器上,然后将此后援存储
器连接到高速外围设备上和主机相连,从而在较短的时
间内完成作业的输入工作。
(3) 直接耦合方式:直接耦合方式把主机和外围低档机通过
一个公用的大容量外存直接耦合起来,从而省去了在脱
机输入中那种依靠人工干预来传递后援存储器的过程。
(4) SPOOLING 系统:SPOOLING 又可译作外围设备同时联机操
作。 在 SPOOLING 系统中,多台外围设备通过通道或 DMA
器件和主机与外存连接起来。作业的输入输出过程由主
机中的操作系统控制。
(5) 网络输入方式:网络输入方式以上述几种输入方式为基
础。当用户需要把在计算机网络中某一台主机上输入的
信息传送到同一网中另一台主机上进行操作或执行时,
就构成了网络输入方式
2.4 试述 SPOOLING 系统的工作原理。
答:在 SPOOLING 系统中,多台外围设备通过通道或 DMA 器件和
主机与外存连接起来。作业的输入输出过程由主机中的操作系统
控制。操作系统中的输入程序包含两个独立的过程,一个过程负
责从外部设备把信息读入缓冲区;另一个是写过程, 负责把缓冲
区的信息送到外存输入井中。
and performance test copies of the record. If necessary, review should be carried out; 4) for spring hangers (included simple spring, hangers and constant support hangers) it should also be recognized as setting and locking of loads. 5) check the surface quality, folded layering and without cracks, rust and other defects. 5) after completion of the test and control drawing number one by one, by series baled. Color alloy steel parts, the parts marking installation location and rotation about the direction you want. 7.3.14. hangers installation 7.3.14.1 hanger layout a. a clear design of hanger should be installed strictly in accordance with the drawings and designs shall not be installed wrong, missing, etc. B. own arrangement of piping support and hanger set and selection should be based on comprehensive analysis of general layout of piping systems; cold installation of steam pipe with particular attention reserved for compensation of thermal expansion displacement and orientation. C. support systems should be rational to withstand pipe loads, static load and incidental load; reasonable piping displacement; guaranteed under various conditions, stress are within the allowed range. Strength, stiffness, and meet requirements to prevent vibration and soothing water, without affecting the adjacent equipment maintenance and other piping installation and expansion. D. equipment connected to the interface to meet pipeline thrust (torque) limit requirements; increase the stability of piping systems to prevent pipeline ... Tube wall thickness (mm) 2-3 4-6 7-10 weld form no slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1.5 1.5-2 weld width b (mm) 5-6 7-6 has slope mouth weld strengthening height h (mm) 1.5-2 2 weld width b (mm) cover had each edge slope mouth about 2 mm argon arc welding weld strengthening surface height and width tube wall thickness (mm) 2--3 3--4 5--6 weld form weld strengthening height h (mm) 1-1 .5 1.5-2 2-2.5 width b (mm)
在系统输入模块收到作业输入请求信号后,输入管理模块中
的读过程负责将信息从输入装置读入缓冲区。当缓冲区满时,由
写过程将信息从缓冲区写到外存输入井中。读过程和写过程反复
循环,直到一个作业输入完毕。当读过程读到一个硬件结束标志
之后,系统再次驱动写过程把最后一批信息写入外存并调用中断
处理程序结束该次输入。然后,系统为该作业建立作业控制块
JCB,从而使输入井中的作业进入作业等待队列,等待作业调度
程序选中后进入内存。
2.5 操作系统为用户提供哪些接口?它们的区别是什么?
答:操作系统为用户提供两个接口界面。一个是系统为用户提供
的各种命令接口界面。用户利用这些操作命令来组织和控制作业
的执行或管理计算机系统。另一个接口是系统调用。编程人员使
用系统调用来请求操作系统提供服务。操作系统的命令控制界面
就是用来组织和控制作业运行的。
2.6 作业控制方式有哪几种?调查你周围的计算机的作业控制
方式。
答:作业控制的主要方式有两种:联机和脱机方式。
脱机控制方式利用作业控制语言来编写表示用户控制意图
的作业控制程序,也就是作业说明书。作业控制语言的语句就是
作业控制命令。不同的批处理系统提供不同的作业控制语言。
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