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计算机专业英语课后答案计算机专业英语课后答案是清华大学出版社第二版出版的教材，主要涵盖计算机专业英语的基础知识。下面是根据课后答案的部分内容生成的相关知识点：计算机概述 * 数字计算机：数字系统，执行各种计算任务。数字计算机也称电子计算机或计算机。 * 数制：数字计算机使用二进制数制，仅有两个数字：0和1；十进制数制有十个数字：0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8和9。计算机分类 * 微型计算机（Microcomputers）：小型计算机，适合个人使用。 * 迷你计算机（Minicomputers）：中型计算机，适合小型企业或组织使用。 * 大型计算机（Mainframe Computers）：大型计算机，适合大型企业或组织使用。 * 超级计算机（Supercomputers）：最快、最大的计算机，适合科学研究和高性能计算等领域。软件系统 * 应用软件（Application Software）：用于完成实际任务的软件，例如-office软件、图形设计软件等。 * 系统软件（System Software）：控制计算机的软件，例如操作系统、设备驱动程序等。计算机系统组成 * 硬件系统（Hardware System）：计算机的物理设备，例如中央处理器、内存、磁盘等。 * 软件系统（Software System）：计算机的软件部分，例如操作系统、应用软件等。计算机基本概念 * 二进制数字（Binary Number）：使用二进制数制表示的数字，仅有两个数字：0和1。 * 位（Bit）：信息单位，表示单个二进制数字。 * 字节（Byte）：8个位组成的信息单位。计算机历史 * 最早的通用计算机：使用磁盘作为输入和输出媒介。计算机硬件 * 中央处理器（CPU）：计算机的心脏，负责执行指令和数据处理。本节课后答案涵盖了计算机专业英语的基础知识，包括计算机概述、计算机分类、软件系统、计算机系统组成、计算机基本概念和计算机历史等方面的内容。这部分内容为计算机专业英语的基础知识奠定了基础。

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第一章 Computer system overview(操作系统概述 )

I. Pre-reading Questions

1. What is a digital computer?

The digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks.

The word “digital ” implies that theinformation in the computer is represented by

variables that take a limited number of discrete values. These values are processed

internally by components that can maintain a limited number of discrete states. Digital

computer is also called electronic computer or computer.

2. Are there any differences between the binary number system and the common

decimal number system?

The decimal digits has ten digits: 0,1,2,, , and 9. The binary number system has two

digits: 0 and 1. The binary numbers use a base 2. The decimal digits use a base 10.

3. How many types of computers do you know? Name at least four of them.

Computers are usually classified into four broad categories: microcomputers,

minicomputers, mainframe computers and supercomputers.

II Fill in the following blanks.

1. Application software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields.

2. An 8-bit signed integer can have any value between -128 and 127

3. System software controls the computer and enables it to run the hardware and

applications software.

4. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system .

5. List four types of computers: microcomputers, minicomputers , mainframe

computers,and supercomputers .

III True or False.

1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch. 1.F

2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value forTRUE. 2.

3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were

magnetic disks. 3. F

4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.4.T

5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. 5. T IV

Matching terms.

1、(b) CPUThe processing unit is at the heart of a computer.

2、(c) bit A unit of information conveyed by a single binary digit.

、

(a) integrated circuit (IC )A complete electronic circuit that packages transistors and

other electronic components on a small silicon chip.

4、(d) ASCII A system for encoding characters as binary digits.

V Translating Terms.

(1) coding techniques

编码技术

(2) application software 应用软件

(3) floating point data 浮点数据

(4) timesharing 分时，分时技术

(5) storage capacities 存储容量

VI Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.

This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and

types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’ s hard to find a field in 2

computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or

computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital

computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By using

various coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary

numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the

alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system.

Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplish

real-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering.

Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers,

minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9

definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.

1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That

2. A. what B. which C. where D. when

3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates

4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American

5. A. technique B. Technology C. techniques D. technologies

6. A. instead of B. rather than C. but also D. as well

7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel

8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified

9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise

10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity

1.A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C

6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 1 0.C

VII. Translate the following into English.

1. By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not

only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.

通过应用各种编码技术。一组二进制不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其他离散符

号，如十进制数字或字母表中的字母。

2. System software includes not only the complex programs used by technicians to

create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs

needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs. 另一方面，系

统软件控制计算机系统，它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序，而

且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其它程序使用的管理程序。

3. Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve

required computational results. 数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息，这些二进制代

码信息是可操作并能满足要求的计算机结果。

4. 4. Rather than arithmetically or logically manipulating characters, a computer may

concatenate strings of characters, replace some characters with others, or otherwise

manipulate character strings. 计算机能将若干字符连成串，而不是用算术方法或逻

辑方法处理字符，用串代替其它字符或另行处理字符串。

5. Software applications like word processing, electronic spreadsheets, database

management programs, painting and drawing programs, desktop publishing, and so

forth became commercially available, giving more people reasons to use a computer.

软件应用像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、画图程序及桌面印刷等等起

到一定的商业效力，使更多的人去使用计算机。

第二章 Computer System Organization

I. Pre-reading Questions

1. What is a computer system?

A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. The hardware

of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three primary subsystems:

the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem. The software system can be

divided into two broad categories: application software and system software..

2. How many levels of memory hierarchy do you know? Name at least three of them.

The memory hierarchy system consists of three levels.They are a cache ,the main

memory and the auxiliary memory.

3. Identify the types of data transfer modes.

Data transfer has three modes: programmed I/O, interrupts, and direct memory access

(DMA).

II Fill in the following blanks.

1. The computer hardware consists of three major parts which are the CPU, the

memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem.

2. There are two major types of memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read

Only Memory (ROM).

3. The cache memory in personal computers is constructed from SRAM

4. input-output interface (I/O interface) provides a method for transferring

information between internal storage and external I/O devices.

5. Data transfer between the central computer and I/O devices may be handled in a

variety of modes. These modes are programmed I/O, interrupts, and direct memory

access (DMA).

III True or False.

1.F The data bus always receives data from the CPU, and the CPU never reads

the data bus.

2.T Main memory holds whatever programs and data are available for immediate

use by the CPU.

3.F Dynamic RAM does not have to be refreshed.

4.F Dot-matrix printer work by squirting tiny droplets of liquid ink at the paper.

5.F The auxiliary memory is very small, relatively expensive, and has very high

access speed.

IV Matching terms.

1、 E2PROM an electrically erasable PROM

2、DMAA transfer mode that can be improved is the transfer of data between memory

and I/O devices.

3、ALU The unit which performs most arithmetic and logical operations

4、RAM Memory that is erased when the computer is turned off.

V.Translating Terms.

1. system buses 系统总线

2. virtual memory 虚拟存储器

3. computer architecture 计算机体系结构

4. instruction set 指令集

5. direct memory access 直接存储器存取

VI. Choose the best one of the four answers given to fill in each blank.

A computer system 1 of hardware system and software system. The

hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three 2

subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O 3 . The CPU is

made up of three major parts, Register Set, the 4 logic unit, or ALU, and

Control Unit. It performs many operations and controls computer. Memory is also

known as 5 memory or main memory, which is cataloged into two major

types of memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).It

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