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Designation: D 1053 –92a (Reapproved 2001)

e1

Standard Test Methods for

Rubber Property —Stiffening at Low Temperatures: Flexible

Polymers and Coated Fabrics

1

This standard is issued under the ?xed designation D 1053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

original adoption or, in the caseof revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicates the year of last reapproval. A

superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e

1

N

OTE

—Keywords were added editorially in December 2001.

1. Scope

1.1 These test methods describe the use of a torsional

apparatus for measuring the relative low temperature stiffening

of ?exible polymeric materials and fabrics coated therewith. A

routine inspection and acceptance procedure, to be used as a

pass-fail test at a speci?ed temperature, is also described.

1.2 These test methods yield comparative data to assessthe

low temperature performance of ?exible polymers and fabrics

coated therewith.

1.3 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be

regarded separately as the standard. The values in each system

may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be

used independently of the other, without combining values in

any way.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the

safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-

bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

2. Referenced Documents

2.1 ASTM Standards:

D 832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning for LowTempera-

ture Testing

2

D 4483 Practice for Determining Precision for Test Method

Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Industries

2

3. Summary of Test Method

3.1 Test Method A describes the measurement, at low

temperatures, of the stiffening of ?exible polymers.

3.2 Test Method B describes the measurement, at low

temperatures, of the stiffening of fabrics coated with ?exible

polymers.

3.3 In thesetest methods, aspecimen of ?exible polymer or

fabric coated with ?exible polymer is secured and connected in

series to a wire of known torsional constant; the other end of

the wire is fastened to a torsion head to impart a twist to the

wire. The specimen is immersed in a chamber ?lled with a heat

transfer medium at a speci?ed uniform subnormal temperature.

The torsion head is then twisted 180°and in turn twists the

specimen by an amount (less than 180°）that is dependent on

specimen compliance or inverse stiffness. After a speci?ed

elapsed time, the amount of specimen twist is measured with a

mounted protractor. The angle of twist, which is inversely

related to the stiffness, is plotted versus the speci?ed tempera-

ture. The temperature is then systematically increased in

prescribed increments and the measurements repeated at each

temperature, yielding a twist or inverse stiffness versus tem-

perature pro?le for the test specimen. The torsional modulus of

the specimen at any temperature is proportional to the quantity

(180-twist)/twist.

4. Signi?cance and Use

4.1 These test methods may be used to determine the

subnormal temperature stiffening of ?exible polymers or fab-

rics coated with ?exible polymers. Temperatures at which the

low temperature modulus is a speci?ed multiple or ratio of the

modulus at room temperature are interpolated from the twist

versus temperature curve. These speci?ed ratios of low-

temperature modulus to room-temperature modulus are called

relative moduli . These temperatures at the relative moduli

encompass the transition region between the glassy and rub-

bery states of the materials tested.

4.2 These test methods offer only a general guide to stiffness

characterization as service conditions of experimental materi-

als may differ greatly from the test conditions.

1

These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on

Rubber and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.14 on Time and

Temperature-DependentPhysical Properties.

Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1992. Published March 1993. Originally

published as D1053 –43 T. Last previous edition D1053 –92.

2

Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01.

1

Copyright ? ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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