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### LabVIEW基础知识详解 #### 一、LabVIEW简介 LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) 是由美国国家仪器公司（National Instruments）开发的一种图形化编程环境，它主要用于工程测试与测量领域。该软件通过图形化的编程方式，使得用户能够更加直观地进行程序设计，大大降低了编程的门槛。LabVIEW的编程界面主要由前面板和程序框图两大部分组成，前面板用于显示用户界面元素，如按钮、指示器等；而程序框图则是实际执行代码的地方。 #### 二、LabVIEW Basic1 学习教材概述本次介绍的教材《LabVIEW Basics I》是专为初学者设计的一套完整的培训课程，旨在帮助学员快速掌握LabVIEW的基本操作和编程技巧。教材包含了从安装到基本编程的所有必要内容，适合于零基础的学习者。教材中提到的“Development Course Manual”指的是整个培训课程的指导手册，其中包括了大量的示例和练习题，有助于加深理解和实践能力的培养。 #### 三、教材内容概览根据教材的版权信息可以看出，本教材适用于LabVIEW软件版本8.0，发布日期为2005年10月。教材的Part Number为320628N-01，这意味着它是官方发布的正式版本。在版权部分还提到了一些第三方组件的版权信息，例如Xerces C++、ICU、HDF5等，这表明LabVIEW软件在某些功能上依赖于这些开源组件。 #### 四、教材结构及重点章节解析 ##### 1. LabVIEW Introduction 这一章节通常会介绍LabVIEW的历史背景、发展现状以及其在工业领域的应用案例。对于初学者来说，了解LabVIEW的发展历程有助于更好地理解其设计理念和技术优势。 ##### 2. 安装与配置这部分内容非常重要，它会详细介绍如何安装LabVIEW软件，并对软件的基本配置进行设置，确保后续的学习能够在正确的环境中进行。 ##### 3. 基本概念与操作这是整个教材的核心部分之一，主要包括： - **前面板设计**：教授如何设计美观且实用的用户界面。 - **程序框图编程**：介绍如何通过图形化的方式构建程序逻辑。 - **数据类型与变量**：解释LabVIEW中的各种数据类型及其用途。 - **流程控制结构**：包括循环、条件判断等基本控制结构的使用方法。 ##### 4. 实践项目为了巩固所学知识，教材还会提供一系列实践项目，让学习者亲自动手操作，将理论知识应用于实践中，这对于提升编程技能非常有帮助。 #### 五、结语通过本教材的学习，学习者不仅能够掌握LabVIEW的基本操作，还能深入了解其强大的数据采集与分析功能。此外，《LabVIEW Basics I》还为更高级的课程打下了坚实的基础，使学习者能够顺利过渡到更复杂的项目开发中去。对于想要进入测试与测量领域的工程师来说，这套教材无疑是一份宝贵的资源。

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LabVIEW

Basics I

Development Course Manual

Course Software Version 8.0

October 2005 Edition

Part Number 320628N-01

LabVIEW Introduction Course Manual

Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including

photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or translating, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent

of National Instruments Corporation.

In regards to components used in USI (Xerces C++, ICU, and HDF5), the following copyrights apply. For a listing of the conditions and

disclaimers, refer to the USICopyrights.chm.

This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http:/www.apache.org/).

NCSA HDF5 (Hierarchical Data Format 5) Software Library and Utilities

Trademarks

National Instruments, NI, ni.com, and LabVIEW are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation. Refer to the Terms of Use section

on ni.com/legal for more information about National Instruments trademarks.

Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies.

Members of the National Instruments Alliance Partner Program are business entities independent from National Instruments and have

no agency, partnership, or joint-venture relationship with National Instruments.

Patents

For patents covering National Instruments products, refer to the appropriate location: Help»Patents in your software,

the patents.txt file on your CD, or ni.com/legal/patents.

Contents

Student Guide

A. About This Manual ...............................................................................................viii

B. What You Need to Get Started .............................................................................viii

C. Installing the Course Software..............................................................................ix

D. Course Goals.........................................................................................................x

E. Course Conventions..............................................................................................x

Lesson 1

Problem Solving

A. Software Development Method ............................................................................1-2

B. Scenario ................................................................................................................1-2

C. Design ...................................................................................................................1-2

D. Implementation .....................................................................................................1-7

E. Testing ..................................................................................................................1-8

F. Maintenance..........................................................................................................1-8

Exercise 1-1 Software Development Method........................................................1-9

Exercise 1-2 Project: State Transition Diagram ....................................................1-11

G. Project ...................................................................................................................1-14

Lesson 2

Navigating LabVIEW

A. Virtual Instruments (VIs)......................................................................................2-2

B. Parts of a VI ..........................................................................................................2-2

C. Starting a VI..........................................................................................................2-4

D. Project Explorer ....................................................................................................2-8

E. Front Panel............................................................................................................2-12

F. Block Diagram......................................................................................................2-18

Exercise 2-1 Concept: Exploring a VI...................................................................2-25

G. Searching for Controls, VIs, and Functions..........................................................2-26

Exercise 2-2 Concept: Navigating Palettes ...........................................................2-28

H. Selecting a Tool ....................................................................................................2-29

Exercise 2-3 Concept: Selecting a Tool ................................................................2-35

I. Dataflow................................................................................................................2-39

Exercise 2-4 Concept: Dataflow............................................................................2-41

J. Building a Simple VI ............................................................................................2-42

Exercise 2-5 Simple AAP VI.................................................................................2-46

K. LabVIEW Help Utilities .......................................................................................2-57

Exercise 2-6 Concept: Using Help ........................................................................2-61

Contents

LabVIEW Introduction Course Manual iv ni.com

Lesson 3

Implementing a VI

A. Front Panel Design................................................................................................3-2

Exercise 3-1 Project: Weather Station UI VI ........................................................3-9

B. Block Diagram Terminals.....................................................................................3-14

C. Documenting Code ...............................................................................................3-22

Exercise 3-2 Project: Determine Warnings VI ......................................................3-25

D. While Loops..........................................................................................................3-32

Exercise 3-3 Auto Match VI..................................................................................3-35

E. For Loops..............................................................................................................3-41

Exercise 3-4 Concept: While Loops versus For Loops .........................................3-44

F. Timing a VI...........................................................................................................3-47

G. Iterative Data Transfer ..........................................................................................3-48

Exercise 3-5 Average Temperature VI..................................................................3-51

H. Plotting Data .........................................................................................................3-55

Exercise 3-6 Temperature Multiplot VI ................................................................3-61

I. Case Structures .....................................................................................................3-66

Exercise 3-7 Project: Determine Warnings VI ......................................................3-71

J. Formula Nodes......................................................................................................3-78

Exercise 3-8 Optional: Square Root VI.................................................................3-80

Exercise 3-9 Optional: Determine Warnings Challenge VI .................................3-84

Exercise 3-10 Optional: Determine More Warnings VI..........................................3-87

Lesson 4

Relating Data

A. Arrays....................................................................................................................4-2

Exercise 4-1 Concept: Manipulating Arrays .........................................................4-8

B. Clusters .................................................................................................................4-15

Exercise 4-2 Concept: Clusters..............................................................................4-21

Exercise 4-3 Project: Weather Station UI VI ........................................................4-26

C. Type Definitions ...................................................................................................4-29

Exercise 4-4 Project: Weather Station CTL ..........................................................4-33

Lesson 5

Debugging VIs

A. Correcting Broken VIs..........................................................................................5-2

B. Debugging Techniques .........................................................................................5-4

C. Undefined or Unexpected Data.............................................................................5-11

D. Error Checking and Error Handling......................................................................5-12

Exercise 5-1 Concept: Debugging.........................................................................5-16

Contents

Lesson 6

Developing Modular Applications

A. What is Modularity? .............................................................................................6-2

B. Icon and Connector Pane ......................................................................................6-4

C. Using SubVIs........................................................................................................6-9

Exercise 6-1 Project: Determine Warnings VI ......................................................6-11

Self-Review: Quiz.......................................................................................................6-17

Self-Review: Quiz Answers........................................................................................6-19

Lesson 7

Measurement Fundamentals

A. Computer-Based Measurement Systems ..............................................................7-2

B. Measurement Concepts.........................................................................................7-4

C. Increasing Measurement Quality ..........................................................................7-12

Exercise 7-1 Concepts: Measurement Fundamentals............................................7-18

Lesson 8

Data Acquisition

A. Hardware...............................................................................................................8-2

B. Software Architecture ...........................................................................................8-5

C. Simulating a DAQ Device ....................................................................................8-8

Exercise 8-1 Concept: MAX ...............................................................................8-9

D. Analog Input .........................................................................................................8-15

Exercise 8-2 Triggered Analog Input VI ..............................................................8-17

E. Analog Output.......................................................................................................8-22

F. Counters ................................................................................................................8-23

Exercise 8-3 Count Events VI ..............................................................................8-25

G. Digital I/O .............................................................................................................8-28

Exercise 8-4 Optional: Digital Count VI ..............................................................8-29

Self-Review: Quiz.......................................................................................................8-33

Lesson 9

Instrument Control

A. Instrument Control................................................................................................9-2

B. GPIB .....................................................................................................................9-2

C. Serial Port Communication...................................................................................9-3

D. Using Other Interfaces ..........................................................................................9-6

E. Software Architecture ...........................................................................................9-7

Exercise 9-1 Concept: GPIB Configuration with MAX .......................................9-9

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