电动汽车关键技术借鉴.pdf资源-CSDN文库

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电动汽车是未来交通领域的重要发展方向，其关键技术之一是复合电源系统。复合电源系统通常由超级电容和蓄电池并联组成，这种设计旨在结合两种储能设备的优势，以提高电动汽车的性能和续航能力。蓄电池拥有较高的比能量，即单位质量或体积的能量密度，适合长时间储存大量能量，满足车辆的行驶需求。然而，蓄电池在大电流放电时容易受到损害，缩短其寿命。而超级电容则具有高比功率，能够快速释放或吸收大量电流，适合作为瞬时功率源，尤其是在电动汽车启动、加速和爬坡等需要大电流的场景下。复合电源的工作模式基于对这两种能源特性的理解和优化。当车辆需要快速输出大功率时，超级电容负责提供电流，减轻蓄电池的负担；而在车辆减速或下坡时，超级电容能吸收回馈的能量，实现能量回收，避免蓄电池遭受过大的充电电流，从而保护蓄电池并提高整体能源效率。为了构建并优化复合电源系统，需要对各个组件进行建模和仿真。文中采用了合适的建模方法分别建立了蓄电池、超级电容和双向DC/DC变换器的模型，这些模型被封装为独立模块，便于在系统级的仿真中使用。通过Matlab/Simulink软件进行仿真，可以研究超级电容在不同工况下如何起到“削峰填谷”的作用，即平滑电池的充放电曲线，保护电池并提升电动汽车的续航里程。双向DC/DC变换器是复合电源中的关键组件，它负责在蓄电池和超级电容之间转换电压，确保两者之间的能量高效流动。论文中，作者根据复合电源的需求设计了双向DC/DC变换器，并利用Protel软件进行了硬件设计。接着，该设计在Matlab/Simulink中进行了仿真验证，确保了设计的正确性和实用性。总结来说，电动汽车的关键技术在于复合电源系统的优化，通过结合超级电容和蓄电池的特性，实现能量的高效管理和回收，保护电池，延长车辆的续航里程。这一技术的应用不仅提高了电动汽车的性能，也为未来清洁能源交通的发展提供了重要的技术支持。

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󰂘󰂘󰁏

󰁋

󰂾󰀚

󰁉 ;󰂾󰅦



󰇵󰂘

󰂘󰂎󰂾󰄈

 DC/DC 󰂘󰇵 ;

󰁉󰂘󰂎󰆮

󰁉󰀬󰁉󰂾󰂘󰅰 ;󰂽󰄽

󰃕󰂘󰅦󰅦󰂘󰅦

󰂯󰁉 Matlab/Simulink 󰂘󰂘󰂾󰄨

󰁖󰇵󰁉󰄨󰂾

󰅦󰅛

󰇵󰁉󰁖 ;󰇬󰂘 DC/DC 

󰂯󰁉 Protel  DC/DC 󰂯󰁉 Matlab/Simulink

󰄨󰄨󰅄󰄿󰂽󰅦󰇵 DC  C 󰀬

󰁉󰂾󰂘󰅰

 :󰂘󰅦󰄨 DCOC  Abstraet 

AbstfaCt

Thekeyteehnologyinh  ridPowersystemofeleCtricvehielewasresearchedinthis

PaPer.Theh ridPowersystemconstitutedbythebatteryandtheultracaPacitorcan

eombinetheadvantageofthehighenergydensityofbatteryandthehighPowerdensityof

ultraeaPaeitor.UltraeaPacitorcanProvidestrongeurrentwhenelectrievehiele15starting 

aceeleratingandmountainclimbinginordertoavoidthestrongcurrentdisehargewhieh

eandestroythebatteryandtoextendbatterylife.Thefeedbaekofstrongeurrenteanbe

absorbedbytheultracapaeitorwheneleetrievehiele15mountainclimbing 

downorbraking

inordertoimPlementtheenergyrec0V eryandProteetthebatteryfromtheimPaetofthe

strongeurrent.TheresearehinthisPaPereanbeusedastheinitialexPlorationofsolving

Po  erteehllologyofeleetrievehiele.

First theeharaeteristiesofeomPonentsofthehybridPowersystemwereresearehed.

OnthebasisofPredominatingtlieeharaeteristiesofbattery  ultraeaPaeitorandbidireetiozl-

 alDC/DCeon erter thestruetureeharaeteristiesandworkPattemsofthesystem 

 ere

determinedSeeond themodelsofeomPonentsofthesystem  ereresPeetivelyestablished

 xsillgaPProPriatemethodofmodelingandthemodelswerePaekedasseParatemodules

withtheideaofusingmoduleinordertoaPPlytothemodelsofthesystem.Third 

aeycle

ofroadandvellieleParametersweredeterminedandtheaPProPriatematchingParameters

wereseleeted.Aeeordingtocontrolobjeetiveofthesystem  thecontrolstrategyofthe

s)stoms  aseonstituted.The511:glebatteryPowersystemandhybridPowersystem  ere

sinlulatedInaeycleofroadusingMatlab/simulinkinordertostudytheeffectoftlle

  ltraeaPaeitor  eliPPedPeakandfilledehannel 

forthebatter}  .Fromtheresultsofthese

simulations  ultracaPaeitoreanPro ideenergywheneleetricvehiele15aeeeleratingand

reeoverenergywhenelectrievehiele15braking.50iteanProteetthebatteryaeeordingto

avo  dingthestrongeu 󰉁 entehargeanddisehargeofbatteryanditalsoeaneffeetively

extendtheeleetrievehieleeontinueddrivingmileages.Ailast  aceordingtothedesign

requirementsofbidirectionalDC/DCeonverter  thebidirectionalDC/DCeonverterwas

designedusingProtelandsimulatedusingMatlab/Simulink.Thesimulationresultsshow

theeo  eetnessoftheoretiealcaleulation.Andtheeonverterwasmanufaeturedinorderto

aPPlytoexPerimentbenehinhybridPowersystem.

Keyword:hybridpowersystem  eontrolstrategysimulation  bidirectionalDCzDC

ConVertCr 󰂘



󰃬 ...................................................................................................... ,, I

AbstraCt.....................................................................................................  11

1  ......................................................................................................... ,, 1

1.1 󰀊󰀍 ............................................................................................... ,, 1

1.2 󰂘󰆲 ,,  ............................................. ,,  ............................. ,, 2

1.2.1 󰆲 .........................,,  ......................................................... ,, 2

1.2.2 󰆲 ........................................................... ,,  .......................,, 3

1.3  ............................................................................... ,, 4

1.3.1 󰂘 ......................................................................... ,, 4

1.3.2 󰂘󰅦 ................................................................ ,, 5

1.3.3  DC/DC  ................................. ,,  ....................... ,, 6

1.4 󰆗󰇵 ................................................... ,,  .......................... ,,  ....,, 7

2 󰂘 ................................................................................. ,, 9

2.1  ......................................... ,,  ........................................... ,, 9

2.1.1 󰁉󰃕 ................................................................................. ,, 9

2.1.2  ........................................... ,,  ......................,, 10

2.1.3  ........................,,  ...............,,  ......................... ,, 11

2.1.4  ............................................................................... ,, 12

2.2  ..,  ............................................................................... ,, 13

22.1 󰇧󰂑 ....................................................................... ,, 13

2.2.2  .... ,,  ............................................................ ,, 14

2.2.3  ........................................ ,,  ........................... ,, 

2.2.4  ................................................................... ,, 16

2.3  DC  C  .................................................................. ,, 17

2.4 󰄄 ......................................................................................................... ,, 17

3 󰂘 .............................................................. ,, 18

3.1 󰂘 ,,  .............................................................................. ,, 18

3.2 󰂘󰇵 ,  ......................,,  .................................................... ,, 19

3.3  ...............,,  ............................................................................... ,, 2C

3.1.1 󰇑 ............................................................................ ,, ,, 21

3.3.2 󰇑 ................................................................................... ,, 23 

3.3.3 󰆲󰇑 ........................................................................... ,, 23

3.4     

.................................................................... ,, 24

3.5  DC  C  ............................ ,,  ...........................,,

3.6 󰂘 ..................,,  ........................................................... ,,  ......,, 29

3.7 󰄄 .................,,  ............................... ,,  ............................................ ,, 30

4 󰂘󰅦󰄨 .............................................. ,, 31

4.1  .................,,  .......................................................................... ,, 31

4.2 󰂘󰃕 ...................................................................................... ,, 33

4.2.1 󰄽󰃕 .................................................................................... ,, 33

4.2.2 󰃕 .............,,  ....................................................... ,, 33

42.3 󰃕 .,,  .........................................,,  .,  .................,, 35

4.24 󰃕 ...................................,,  ...................................... ,, 36

4.3 󰅦󰅦 ...................,,  .....,,  ......................,,  .........................,, 37

4.3.1 󰂘󰅦 .............................. ,,  .,,  .................................,, 37

4.3.2 󰅦󰅦 ................................... ,,  .......................... ,, 38

4.4 󰄨 .......................,,  ......................... ,,  ....................................,, 40

4.4.1 󰄨 ............,,  ................................................................... ,,  .40

4.42 󰄨󰅣 ................................,,  .............................................. ,, 41

4.4.3 󰄨 .......................,,  .......................................................... ,, 42

4.5 󰄄 ................................................. ,,  .................................................. ,, 49

5  DC/DC  ................................................................ ,, 50

5.1  DODC  ,  .......................,,  ................................,, 50

5.2  DC/DC  .............................................................. ,, 51

5.3  DC/DC 󰆗 .................................................. ,,  .....,, 53

5.3.1 󰃸 ...................................... ,,  .....,,  ..................,, 53

5.3.2 󰃸 ........................................................................... ,, 54

5.4  DC  C 󰆗 .......,,  ................................................. ,, 55

54.1 󰆗󰂎 ............................................................................... ,, 55

5.4.1.1 󰂎 ................................................................................. ,,  55

5.4.1.2 󰂎 ............... ,,  ............................................ ,, 56

5.4.2  .................................................................................... ,, 57

5.4.2.1 󰃾 ..........................,,  ............................................... ,, 57

5.4.2.2  .......................................................................... ,, 58

5.4.2.3  ........................,,  ............................................... ,, 60 

󰂘

5.4.2.4  ,,  .......................................................... ,,  .,, 60

5.4.2.5  ....................................................... ,,  .......... ,, 61

5.4.2.6 󰂎 .............................,,  ..,  .......,,  ...............,, 62

5.5  DC/DC 󰅦 .......................................................... ,, 64

5.5.1PWM 󰅦 ........................................................ ,,  .., ,  ....,, 64

5.5.2 󰅦 ........ ,,  ..,,  ............................,,  ...................,, 

5.5.2.1  ....................................,,  ..................................... ,, 66

5.5.2.2 󰁱 ................................................................. ,, 67

5.5.2.3 󰅦 ................................. ,,  ........................,, 68

5.5.2.4 󰇵󰆨 ........................,,  .,,  .............................,, 68

5.5.2.5 󰅦 .................................................. ,,  ............................,, 70

5.6  DC/DC 󰄨 .........,,  .,  ...................................................... ,, 72

5.6.1 󰄨 ,,  ..,  ..,,  ................................................................. ,, 72

5.6.2 󰄨󰅣 ........................................... ,, ,  ............................,, 73

5.6.3 󰄨 ................................................... ,,  ..,,  ....................,, 73

5.7 󰄄 .................................,,  .......,,  ...........,,  ..,,  ...,,  ............,,

6 󰇚󰁱󰃻 ........................................................................................... ,, 78

6.1 󰇚 ..............,,  ........,,  .....,,  .............................. ,,  ...................,, 78

6.2 󰃻 ...................,,  .........,,  ..............,,  .,  .,,  ........................ ,, 

󰅢 ................................................................................................... ,, 80

 ................................................................................................... ,, 81 

󰂘



󰀊󰀍

󰇒󰁖󰃻󰄿󰂾

󰃻󰂘󰃿󰀬󰃿󰃏󰅦

󰂘 󰂾󰅀󰅀󰅰

󰁠󰅸󰅰󰅎󰅸󰅀󰄿󰂾

󰂘󰁉󰂎

󰂘󰁉 l3]

󰃚󰇚

] 󰅦

󰂾󰅰󰂘󰃄󰂘

󰂘󰆗󰁖 :

1.

2.󰇡

3.󰁉󰂯

4.󰅦󰃐󰂑󰂘󰁉

5.

6.󰇒󰁉

󰇬󰁉󰂘󰇬

󰄿

󰀬󰁉 [4] 

󰃻󰂾󰇡󰇵󰂘

󰂾 :

1.󰂾󰂼

󰇡

2.󰂾󰇵󰁉󰆎

3.󰁖󰃚󰁉󰁉

4.

5.󰄡󰆎

󰅪󰃚󰄤

󰃚󰅸󰄽󰃚󰅵

󰅢󰅵󰁱󰁓󰄻󰁠󰄿󰂾

l 

󰇵󰂼󰂘󰂾󰅦

󰀬󰁉󰁖

󰂘󰇡󰁉󰇧

󰂘󰁉 [s] 󰂾

󰀚

󰁉 ;󰂾󰅦



󰂘󰂾󰀬󰁉󰁖󰅸󰀊󰀍

 l󰅰󰁠

󰁏󰁠󰂼󰇵󰁉󰁉

󰁉󰆘󰁱

󰅦󰂽󰁏󰁠󰂼󰇵󰁉

󰂘󰅰󰁏󰁠󰁖

󰁏󰁉󰁋

󰇵󰅸󰁖



󰇚󰅎󰂘󰀬󰁉󰇡

󰁉󰁖󰅸󰁉󰅕󰃻

.2 󰂘󰆲

:21 󰆲

󰁏󰁠󰂾󰄽󰂯󰅰󰇃󰅸

󰂾󰄤󰁸󰀬󰁉󰂘󰁖󰇃󰅸󰀊󰀍

󰅦󰅮󰁓󰂘󰅇󰇝



󰂘󰅦󰁱󰄽

󰁉󰁉󰂾󰀬󰁉󰂾

󰃾󰁖󰅎

󰀚󰂘󰅦󰇵

󰀬󰃻

2003 󰁱󰁖󰅦

󰁔 BFc6llo  Ev[7]󰁉󰆮󰩵󰇑󰇧

󰂘󰅦  󰄽󰅄 󰆗

󰂘

󰅘󰂈

󰂞󰇧󰃔

󰂼󰇵󰆮󰅣󰄈

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