2019 - Endoscopic spine discectomy indications and outcomes.pdf

strated. For the lumbar disc herniation (LDH), transforaminal and interlaminar approaches were reviewed, whereas for the

cervical disc herniation (CDH), anterior and posterior approaches were reviewed.

selected cases. Given the recent technical advancements, the surgical indications for endoscopic spine surgery are still expanding

and the clinical results have become more practical and reliable.

.

Endoscopic

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Indication

.

Radiculopathy which stemmed from lumbar, cervical, or tho-

racic disc herniations is the most common reason why patients

aging population in many countries is dramatically increasing

and the quality of life is given more importance nowadays [1,

2].

Since Hijikata [3] and Kambin [4] independently intro-

duced the posterolateral percutaneous lumbar nucleotomy

technique, a group of endoscopic spine surgery has been a