pSeriesAIX系统管理员认证指南_aix系统管理员认证资源-CSDN文库

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第 1 页

第一章认证概述..................................................................................................................................................11

1.1 PSERIES AIX 系统管理员（TEST 191） ................................................................................................11

1.1.1 认证前提建议.....................................................................................................................................11

1.1.2 认证考试注册.....................................................................................................................................11

1.1.3 认证考试目标.....................................................................................................................................11

1.2 认证培训课程.............................................................................................................................................13

1.3 光盘教学：IBM AIX ESSENTIALS..........................................................................................................14

第二章系统启动问题处理...............................................................................................................................15

2.1 本章中要用到的关键命令.......................................................................................................................15

2.2 引导过程......................................................................................................................................................15

2.3 开机顺序、LED 指示灯以及音频信号................................................................................................16

2.4 一些有用的命令.........................................................................................................................................17

2.4.1 使用 alog 命令...................................................................................................................................17

2.4.2 使用 cfgmgr命令..............................................................................................................................19

2.4.3 使用 last 命令....................................................................................................................................21

2.4.4 使用 bootlist 命令.............................................................................................................................22

2.4.5 使用 uptime 命令..............................................................................................................................23

2.4.6 使用 mpcfg 命令 ..............................................................................................................................23

2.4.7 使用 shutdown 命令.........................................................................................................................25

2.5 解决引导问题.............................................................................................................................................26

2.5.1 访问一个无法引导的系统 .............................................................................................................26

2.5.2 安装介质的问题...............................................................................................................................29

2.5.3 常见的引导时 LED 错误代码和恢复操作.................................................................................30

2.6 测验...............................................................................................................................................................31

2.6.1 答案 .....................................................................................................................................................32

2.7 练习...............................................................................................................................................................32

第三章硬件援助..................................................................................................................................................33

3.1 列出硬件设备..............................................................................................................................................33

3.1.1 使用 lsdev 命令 ..................................................................................................................................33

3.1.2 使用 lspv 命令....................................................................................................................................35

3.2 配置系统设备..............................................................................................................................................36

3.3 系统管理服务..............................................................................................................................................39

3.4 硬件设备兼容性.........................................................................................................................................39

3.4.1 设备配置数据库 ................................................................................................................................40

3.5 使用 LSATTR 命令........................................................................................................................................40

3.6 使用带 DEVICES 参数的 SMIT .................................................................................................................42

3.7 系统错误日志..............................................................................................................................................42

3.7.1 使用 errdemon 命令 ..........................................................................................................................42

3.7.2 使用 errpt 命令..................................................................................................................................43

第 2 页

3.7.3 使用 errlogger 命令 ..........................................................................................................................46

3.7.4 其他错误处理命令............................................................................................................................47

3.8 诊断硬件问题..............................................................................................................................................47

3.9 系统日志.......................................................................................................................................................48

3.9.1 syslogd 配置文件...............................................................................................................................49

3.9.2 配置文件的格式 ................................................................................................................................49

3.9.3 使用系统日志.....................................................................................................................................51

3.10 建立一个 ASCII 终端..............................................................................................................................52

3.11 测验..............................................................................................................................................................54

3.11.1 答案.....................................................................................................................................................55

3.12 练习.............................................................................................................................................................55

第四章系统和软件安装.....................................................................................................................................56

4.1 基本操作系统（BASE OPERATING SYSTEM）安装..............................................................................56

4.1.1 完全覆盖式安装 ................................................................................................................................58

4.1.2 升级安装..............................................................................................................................................58

4.1.3 保留安装..............................................................................................................................................59

4.2 高级选项安装.............................................................................................................................................59

4.2.1 安装软件包集或桌面 .......................................................................................................................59

4.2.2 激活可信计算环境（Trusted Computing Base，TCB）..........................................................59

4.2.3 激活 64-bit 内核和 JFS2..................................................................................................................60

4.3 配置助理（CONFIGURATION ASSISTANT ）............................................................................................60

4.4 理解维护级别（MAINTENANCE LEVELS）.............................................................................................61

4.5 软件封包.......................................................................................................................................................62

4.5.1 文件集（Filesets）...........................................................................................................................63

4.5.2 软件包（Packages）........................................................................................................................63

4.5.3 注册的程序产品（Licensed Program Products）.....................................................................63

4.5.4 软件束（Bundles）...........................................................................................................................63

4.5.5 PTFs 和 APARs...................................................................................................................................63

4.6 安装可选软件和维护更新........................................................................................................................64

4.6.1 installp 命令........................................................................................................................................64

4.6.2 使用 SMIT 进行软件维护................................................................................................................67

4.7 维护可选的软件（应用更新）...............................................................................................................70

4.7.1 列出软件的维护级别 .......................................................................................................................70

4.7.2 下载修复软件.....................................................................................................................................72

4.7.3 显示被安装的软件并更新到最新级别 ........................................................................................73

4.8 在硬盘上创建安装映像............................................................................................................................77

4.9 备用磁盘安装（ALTERNATE DISK INSTALLATION）.............................................................................78

4.9.1 必要的文件集.....................................................................................................................................79

4.9.2 备用磁盘复制 rootvg........................................................................................................................79

4.9.3 备用 mksysb 安装（Alternate mksysb install）...........................................................................81

4.10 测验.............................................................................................................................................................82

4.10.1 答案....................................................................................................................................................83

4.11 练习..............................................................................................................................................................84

第 3 页

第五章对象数据管理器（OBJECT DATA MANAGER） .....................................................................85

5.1 ODM 命令 ....................................................................................................................................................85

5.2 ODM 数据库的对象类举例 .....................................................................................................................86

5.3 测验................................................................................................................................................................86

5.3.1 答案 ......................................................................................................................................................87

5.4 练习................................................................................................................................................................87

第六章存储管理，LVM和文件系统............................................................................................................88

6.1 逻辑卷存储（LOGICAL VOLUME STORAGE）概念...............................................................................88

6.2 逻辑卷管理器（LOGICAL VOLUME MANAGER）.................................................................................89

6.2.1 LVM 配置数据....................................................................................................................................89

6.2.2 磁盘定额（Disk quorum）..............................................................................................................90

6.2.3 磁盘镜像（Disk mirroring）..........................................................................................................91

6.3 管理物理卷 ..................................................................................................................................................93

6.3.1 物理卷的配置.....................................................................................................................................93

6.3.2 使可用的磁盘成为物理卷..............................................................................................................94

6.3.3 修改物理卷特征 ................................................................................................................................94

6.3.4 删除物理卷.........................................................................................................................................95

6.3.5 列出关于物理卷的信息...................................................................................................................95

6.4 管理卷组.....................................................................................................................................................101

6.4.1 增加一个卷组...................................................................................................................................101

6.4.2 修改卷组特征...................................................................................................................................102

6.4.3 导入（importing）和导出（exporting）一个卷组.................................................................104

6.4.4 激活（varying on）和停止（varying off）卷组......................................................................105

6.4.5 监控卷组............................................................................................................................................107

6.4.6 重新组织（Reorganizing）卷组..................................................................................................108

6.4.7 同步（Synchronizing）卷组.........................................................................................................109

6.5 管理逻辑卷 ................................................................................................................................................109

6.5.1 增加一个逻辑卷 ..............................................................................................................................110

6.5.2 删除一个逻辑卷 ..............................................................................................................................112

6.5.3 减少逻辑卷的大小..........................................................................................................................113

6.5.4 增加逻辑卷的大小..........................................................................................................................113

6.5.5 拷贝一个逻辑卷 ..............................................................................................................................113

6.5.6 分离（splitting）逻辑卷的拷贝 ..................................................................................................115

6.5.7 列出逻辑卷.......................................................................................................................................115

6.5.8 逻辑卷大小.......................................................................................................................................116

6.6 管理日志文件系统（JOURNALED FILE SYSTEMS）............................................................................117

6.6.1 日志文件系统的特征 .....................................................................................................................117

6.6.2 创建一个文件系统..........................................................................................................................118

6.6.3 装载（mount）一个文件系统......................................................................................................121

6.6.4 删除一个文件系统..........................................................................................................................124

6.6.5 增加文件系统大小..........................................................................................................................126

6.6.6 减少文件系统的大小 .....................................................................................................................127

6.6.7 检查文件系统的一致性.................................................................................................................128

第 4 页

6.6.8 初始化 JFS 日志设备.....................................................................................................................128

6.6.9 JFS 日志设备的放置......................................................................................................................129

6.6.10 允许大文件的文件系统...............................................................................................................129

6.7 文件系统问题排除...................................................................................................................................129

6.7.1 修复超级块错误 ..............................................................................................................................130

6.7.2 不能卸载文件系统..........................................................................................................................130

6.8 LVM 命令总结..........................................................................................................................................131

6.8.1 PV 命令..............................................................................................................................................131

6.8.2 VG 命令.............................................................................................................................................131

6.8.3 LV 命令 ..............................................................................................................................................131

6.8.4 文件系统命令...................................................................................................................................132

6.9 测验..............................................................................................................................................................132

6.9.1 答案 ....................................................................................................................................................134

6.10 练习...........................................................................................................................................................135

第七章系统分页空间（SYSTEM PAGING SPACE） .........................................................................136

7.1 分页空间概述............................................................................................................................................136

7.1.1 对分页空间的考虑因素.................................................................................................................136

7.2 管理分页空间............................................................................................................................................138

7.2.1 显示分页空间特征..........................................................................................................................139

7.2.2 增加和激活一个分页空间............................................................................................................139

7.2.3 修改分页空间的属性 .....................................................................................................................140

7.2.4 删除一个分页空间（除hd6 之外）...........................................................................................142

7.2.5 管理缺省分页空间（hd6）..........................................................................................................143

7.3 测验..............................................................................................................................................................146

7.3.1 答案 ....................................................................................................................................................146

7.4 练习..............................................................................................................................................................147

第八章系统备份、恢复和可用性................................................................................................................148

8.1 MKSYSB 命令..............................................................................................................................................149

8.1.1 mksysb 磁带的数据布局 ................................................................................................................150

8.1.2 排除不用备份的文件系统............................................................................................................151

8.1.3 如何创建一个可引导的系统备份...............................................................................................151

8.1.4 使用 mksysb 备份用户卷组...........................................................................................................154

8.2 备份用户信息............................................................................................................................................154

8.2.1 备份单个卷组...................................................................................................................................154

8.2.2 如何备份当前目录..........................................................................................................................155

8.2.3 增量备份............................................................................................................................................156

8.3 从备份介质恢复信息...............................................................................................................................157

8.3.1 tctl 命令..............................................................................................................................................157

8.3.2 如何恢复一个文件..........................................................................................................................157

8.3.3 如何恢复一个目录..........................................................................................................................159

8.3.4 恢复的错误，不正确的块大小（incorrect block size）........................................................162

8.3.5 使用 rmfs 命令.................................................................................................................................162

8.4 复制你的系统............................................................................................................................................163

第 5 页

8.5 复制一张软盘............................................................................................................................................163

8.6 复制一盘磁带............................................................................................................................................164

8.7 RMT 的专用文件说明...............................................................................................................................164

8.8 高可用集群多路处理（HACMP）......................................................................................................165

8.9 测验..............................................................................................................................................................165

8.9.1 答案 ....................................................................................................................................................166

8.10 练习...........................................................................................................................................................167

第九章系统资源控制和管理.........................................................................................................................168

9.1 启动 SRC....................................................................................................................................................168

9.1.1 telinit 命令.........................................................................................................................................169

9.2 重启 SRC....................................................................................................................................................169

9.3 STARTSRC 命令...........................................................................................................................................169

9.4 SYSLOGD DAEMON......................................................................................................................................170

9.4.1 启动 syslogd daemon.......................................................................................................................170

9.4.2 syslog 配置文件 ...............................................................................................................................171

9.4.3 再循环（Recycling）和刷新（refreshing） syslogd daemon................................................172

9.4.4 从多个系统收集 syslog 数据........................................................................................................173

9.5 刷新一个 DAEMON....................................................................................................................................173

9.6 CRON DAEMON ............................................................................................................................................173

9.6.1 Crontab 文件记录格式...................................................................................................................174

9.6.2 允许对 crontab 命令的访问..........................................................................................................174

9.6.3 内务处理（Housekeeping）.........................................................................................................175

9.7 测验..............................................................................................................................................................177

9.7.1 答案 ....................................................................................................................................................178

9.8 练习..............................................................................................................................................................178

第十章网络管理...............................................................................................................................................179

10.1 引导期间的网络启动 ............................................................................................................................179

10.2 停止和重启 TCP/IP DAEMONS..............................................................................................................179

10.2.1 使用 /etc/tcp.clean 命令停止 TCP/IP daemons.......................................................................179

10.2.2 重启 TCP/IP daemons...................................................................................................................180

10.3 系统引导时不启动 RC.TCPIP ................................................................................................................180

10.4 INETD DAEMON.........................................................................................................................................181

10.4.1 启动和刷新 inetd...........................................................................................................................181

10.4.2 被 inetd 控制的子服务程序（Subservers）............................................................................181

10.4.3 /etc/services 文件...........................................................................................................................182

10.4.4 停止 inetd........................................................................................................................................183

10.5 PORTMAP DAEMON...................................................................................................................................183

10.6 INTERNET 编址.........................................................................................................................................184

10.6.1 IP 地址格式....................................................................................................................................184

10.6.2 二进制到十进制的转换...............................................................................................................184

10.6.3 Internet 地址分类..........................................................................................................................185

10.6.4 特殊的 Internet 地址.....................................................................................................................186

10.6.5 子网划分（subnetting）..............................................................................................................187

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