没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
Assembler Tutorial
1996 Edition
University of Guadalajara
Information Systems General Coordination.
Culture and Entertainment Web
June 12th 1995
Copyright(C)1995-1996
This is an introduction for people who want to programming in assembler
language.
Copyright (C) 1995-1996, Hugo Perez. Anyone may reproduce this
document, in whole or in part, provided that: (1) any copy or republication
of the entire document must show University of Guadalajara as the source,
and must include this notice; and (2) any other use of this material must
reference this manual and , and the fact that the material is copyright by Hugo
Perez and is used by permission.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Basic Concepts
3. Assembler programming
4. Assembler language instructions
5. Interruptions and file managing
6. Macros and procedures
7. Program examples
1. Introduction
Table of contents
1.1 What's new in the Assembler material
1.2 Presentation
1.3 Why learn Assembler language
1.4 We need your opinion
1.1 What's new in the Assembler material
After of one year that we've released the first Assembler material on-line. We've
received a lot of e-mail where each people talk about different aspects about this
material. We've tried to put these comments and suggestions in this update
assembler material. We hope that this new Assembler material release reach to
all people that they interest to learn the most important language for IBM PC.
In this new assembler release includes:
A complete chapter about how to use debug program
More example of the assembler material
Each section of this assembler material includes a link file to Free
On-line of Computing by Dennis Howe
Finally, a search engine to look for any topic or item related with this updated
material.
1.2 Presentation
The document you are looking at, has the primordial function of introducing you
to assembly language programming, and it has been thought for those people
who have never worked with this language.
The tutorial is completely focused towards the computers that function with
processors of the x86 family of Intel, and considering that the language bases its
functioning on the internal resources of the processor, the described examples
are not compatible with any other architecture.
The information was structured in units in order to allow easy access to each of
the topics and facilitate the following of the tutorial.
In the introductory section some of the elemental concepts regarding computer
systems are mentioned, along with the concepts of the assembly language itself,
and continues with the tutorial itself.
1.3 Why learn assembler language
The first reason to work with assembler is that it provides the opportunity of
knowing more the operation of your PC, which allows the development of
software in a more consistent manner.
The second reason is the total control of the PC which you can have with the use
of the assembler.
Another reason is that the assembly programs are quicker, smaller, and have
larger capacities than ones created with other languages.
Lastly, the assembler allows an ideal optimization in programs, be it on their size
or on their execution.
1.4 We need your opinion
Our goal is offers you easier way to learn yourself assembler language. You
send us your comments or suggestions about this 96' edition. Any comment will
be welcome.
2. Basic Concepts
Contents
2.1 Basic description of a computer system.
2.2 Assembler language Basic concepts
2.3 Using debug program
2.1 Basic description of a computer system.
This section has the purpose of giving a brief outline of the main components of
a computer system at a basic level, which will allow the user a greater
understanding of the concepts which will be dealt with throughout the tutorial.
Contents
2.1.1 Central Processor
2.1.2 Central Memory
2.1.3 Input and Output Units
2.1.4 Auxiliary Memory Units
Computer System.
We call computer system to the complete configuration of a computer, including
the peripheral units and the system programming which make it a useful and
functional machine for a determined task.
2.1.1 Central Processor.
This part is also known as central processing unit or CPU, which in turn is made
by the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. Its functions consist in
reading and writing the contents of the memory cells, to forward data between
memory cells and special registers, and decode and execute the instructions of a
program. The processor has a series of memory cells which are used very often
and thus, are part of the CPU. These cells are known with the name of registers.
A processor may have one or two dozen of these registers. The arithmetic and
logic unit of the CPU realizes the operations related with numeric and symbolic
calculations. Typically these units only have capacity of performing very
elemental operations such as: the addition and subtraction of two whole
numbers, whole number multiplication and division, handling of the registers' bits
and the comparison of the content of two registers. Personal computers can be
classified by what is known as word size, this is, the quantity of bits which the
processor can handle at a time.
2.1.2 Central Memory.
It is a group of cells, now being fabricated with semi-conductors, used for general
processes, such as the execution of programs and the storage of information for
the operations.
Each one of these cells may contain a numeric value and they have the property
of being addressable, this is, that they can distinguish one from another by
means of a unique number or an address for each cell.
The generic name of these memories is Random Access Memory or RAM. The
main disadvantage of this type of memory is that the integrated circuits lose the
information they have stored when the electricity flow is interrupted. This was the
reason for the creation of memories whose information is not lost when the
system is turned off. These memories receive the name of Read Only Memory or
ROM.
2.1.3 Input and Output Units.
In order for a computer to be useful to us it is necessary that the processor
communicates with the exterior through interfaces which allow the input and
output of information from the processor and the memory. Through the use of
these communications it is possible to introduce information to be processed and
to later visualize the processed data.
Some of the most common input units are keyboards and mice. The most
common output units are screens and printers.
2.1.4 Auxiliary Memory Units.
Since the central memory of a computer is costly, and considering today's
applications it is also very limited. Thus, the need to create practical and
economical information storage systems arises. Besides, the central memory
loses its content when the machine is turned off, therefore making it inconvenient
for the permanent storage of data.
These and other inconvenience give place for the creation of peripheral units of
memory which receive the name of auxiliary or secondary memory. Of these the
most common are the tapes and magnetic discs.
The stored information on these magnetic media means receive the name of
files. A file is made of a variable number of registers, generally of a fixed size;
the registers may contain information or programs.
剩余89页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
- xlxlxl19892012-10-08It´s very good! Really helpful!
- xlk30992013-02-16很不错 很实用 强烈推荐
lfy_2002
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 1
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功