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根据提供的文件信息，我们可以从《Visual Basic Developer’s Guide to SQL Server》一书中提炼出一系列重要的知识点，这些知识点主要围绕Visual Basic开发人员如何更好地利用SQL Server进行应用开发展开。接下来将详细解析并拓展这些知识点。 ### 标题：Visual Basic Developer’s Guide to SQL Server 这一标题表明本书是专为Visual Basic开发者设计的指南，旨在帮助他们了解和掌握如何使用SQL Server进行高效的应用程序开发。这暗示了书中的内容将会覆盖Visual Basic与SQL Server之间的交互、数据库管理、性能优化等多个方面。 ### 描述：Visual Basic Developer’s Guide to SQL Server 描述部分简短地重复了标题，这意味着该书的核心内容将聚焦于Visual Basic开发者如何有效利用SQL Server来构建和优化应用程序。虽然描述部分没有提供更多具体信息，但我们可以通过标题和其他信息来推断出一些关键知识点。 ### 标签：“Basic Developer’s Guide to Visual” 虽然标签似乎有误（可能应该是“Basic Developer’s Guide to SQL Server”），但从这个标签中我们仍然可以得出一些结论。该标签强调了这本书是面向使用Visual Basic的开发者的指南，这意味着读者可以期待学习到与Visual Basic相关的高级技巧和技术。 ### 部分内容概述这部分内容包含了版权信息、商标声明以及关于书本准确性的免责声明。从这些信息中，我们可以提取以下几个关键知识点： #### 商标和版权声明 - **Visual Basic®**：这是Microsoft公司拥有的注册商标，用于指代一种广泛使用的编程语言。 - **SQL Server™**：同样是Microsoft的产品，一个强大的关系型数据库管理系统(RDBMS)。 - **SYBEX**：出版商的名称，负责本书的出版和发行。 - **Collage Complete**：一个用于屏幕截图制作的软件，其商标归Inner Media Inc.所有。 - **Netscape Navigator** 和 **Microsoft Internet Explorer**：这两个浏览器也是各自公司的注册商标。 - 本书中还提到了其他多个商标和版权声明，表明作者和出版商对知识产权的重视。 #### 内容准确性声明 - 作者和出版商声明他们已经尽力确保书中内容的准确性，但不承担任何因内容错误导致的责任。这表明书中可能会基于最终发布的软件版本编写，也可能基于预发布版本的内容。 - 由于可能使用了预发布版本的软件，因此读者在实际操作时需要注意版本差异可能带来的问题。 ### 详细知识点分析 1. **Visual Basic与SQL Server的集成**： - 如何通过Visual Basic连接到SQL Server数据库。 - 如何执行SQL查询、插入、更新和删除操作。 - 如何处理数据库连接异常。 2. **数据库设计和优化**： - 如何设计高效的数据库表结构。 - 如何创建索引以提高查询性能。 - 学习存储过程和触发器的最佳实践。 3. **安全性考虑**： - 实现安全的数据访问策略。 - 使用角色和权限管理用户访问。 - 数据加密和备份恢复策略。 4. **性能调优**： - 识别和解决常见的性能瓶颈。 - 使用SQL Server Profiler等工具监控查询性能。 - 执行查询优化和索引调整。 5. **高级主题**： - 探索事务处理和并发控制机制。 - 学习如何利用视图和分区提高数据管理效率。 - 了解SQL Server中的其他高级功能，如全文搜索、地理空间数据支持等。《Visual Basic Developer’s Guide to SQL Server》一书旨在为Visual Basic开发者提供一套全面的指南，帮助他们在使用SQL Server进行应用程序开发时能够更加高效和专业。无论是对于初学者还是有一定经验的开发者来说，这本书都提供了丰富的资源和实用的技巧。

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SYBEX Sample Chapter

Visual Basic

Developer’s Guide

to SQL Server

™

by Dianne Siebold

Optimizing SQL Server Applications

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148

Whether your application has been in production for years or you’re just now

beginning to design it, performance should be considered in all phases of a project.

Optimizing the way your application interacts with SQL Server has numerous

benefits. The first and foremost benefit is speed—a more efficient application is

faster. Creating an efficient application also means that you write only the code you

need and it performs its job in the most efficient manner. This makes software

leaner and easier to maintain.

There are a number of factors to consider when optimizing a client/server or

multi-tier application: the Visual Basic code, the ADO data access code, and the

SQL Server database itself. Not to mention the client and server hardware as well

as the network environment on which it runs. Consequently, there are a few differ-

ent areas to focus your attention when approaching optimization. The first thing

we’ll cover in this chapter is how database design can affect the performance of an

application. There’s enough database design theory to fill volumes, so I won’t go

into detail on that topic. Instead, I’ll cover the aspects of database design that can

improve performance, such as data types, normalization, and constraints.

SQL Server ships with tools and utilities that can help you troubleshoot appli-

cation bottlenecks and performance. I’ll review SQL Server’s Query Analyzer and

how it’s used to evaluate and optimize queries. Another optimization tool that

ships with SQL Server is Profiler. You’ll find out how to use it to create traces and

apply the results. The Index Tuning Wizard is yet another SQL Server utility that

helps you to create an optimal set of indexes on a database, which can directly

impact the speed of your SQL queries.

Database Design

Database design encompasses a wide range of concepts and techniques used to

structure and organize the data within a database. In this section we’ll examine

the aspects of database design that affect the efficiency and performance of the

database and, in turn, your applications. These points include:

• Data types

• Normalization

• Constraints

Chapter 6 • Optimizing SQL Server Applications

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149

• Primary and foreign keys

• Indexes

The database is the foundation on which applications are built so the importance

of good database design should not be underestimated. The design of the database

has a direct impact on the performance and integrity of your applications. You may

not notice any problems when you have 100 customer records, but when the num-

ber of customer records reaches 100,000, design flaws or a lack of design can

become real problems.

The realm of database design is divided into two specific areas: physical design

and logical design. Physical database design refers to how SQL Server uses the

existing hardware. The way in which a database is partitioned over hard drives is

an example of physical design. Logical database design refers to how a database

is structured and includes consideration of:

• Primary and foreign keys

• Check constraints

• Table design

Once you have a server with plenty of memory, enough disk space, and a fast

processor or two, the next step is to ensure that the database has the best logical

design. Of course, there’s no right way to design a database. In fact, a database

that’s designed well is one that meets the data integrity and performance require-

ments of the applications that use it. For example, a Decision Support System

(DSS) that supplies read-only summary information and makes few data modifi-

cations requires a radically different design than an OLTP application that

requires full transactional integrity and high availability.

Data Types

One of the first things you’ll probably do after creating a database is add a new table

to it. Like most SQL Server functions, this can be done either by issuing T-SQL

commands or through Enterprise Manager. For each column you add to a table

you must provide the column name, data type, length, precision, scale, nullability

default value, and identity information. A column can contain only a single type of

data and its data type defines what kind of data can be stored in it. Table 6.1 lists all

the possible column data types in SQL Server.

Database Design

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An excerpt from "Visual Basic Developer's Guide to SQL Server", ISBN # 0-7821-2679-0

150

The rule of thumb when creating columns is to choose the most efficient data

type depending on the data you need to store.

TABLE 6.1: SQL Server Data Types

Data Type Description Storage Visual Basic

Data Type

binary n bytes as declared Variant

bit Boolean

char n bytes as declared String

datetime 8 bytes Date

decimal 2–17 bytes Double

float 4 or 8 bytes Double

image String

Continued on next page

16-byte pointer plus

as many 8 KB pages

required to store the

column data

Contains up to 2,147,483,647 bytes of

binary data and is used for storing large

amounts of data, like image or sound files.

Columns defined with this data type have a

variable length and cannot be indexed,

searched, grouped, or ordered by.

An approximate numeric data type for stor-

ing large floating-point numbers with preci-

sion up to 15 digits. SQL Server generally

rounds numbers up.

Contains numeric data with an integer to

the left of the decimal point and a fractional

part to the right. This field will take a varying

number of bytes based on the scale and pre-

cision you specify. Scale is the maximum

number of digits to the right of the decimal

point and precision is the total number of

digits on both sides of the decimal point.

The maximum precision is 38.

Precise date field that stores the date and

the time accurate to milliseconds.

Contains up to 8,000 bytes of fixed-length

string data. Use this field for data that will

always be the same length.

1/8 of a byte for

each column, but

stored in one byte

Creates a true/false column; this data type

stores only values of 0 or 1. It cannot con-

tain a null value, so consider carefully when

selecting it whether or not the data in this

column will ever contain a null value.

Contains up to 8,000 bytes of fixed-length

binary data. Fixed-length means the field

will always take up as much space as the

length you define.

Chapter 6 • Optimizing SQL Server Applications

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