Linux安装nginx/mysql/php/zabbix

### Linux安装nginx/mysql/php/zabbix知识点详解 #### 环境搭建概述 本文将详细介绍如何在CentOS 7.4.1708上手动搭建一个包含Nginx、MySQL、PHP以及Zabbix的环境。这四个组件分别代表了Web服务器、数据库服务器、脚本语言解释器以及监控系统，它们共同构成了一个典型的LAMP（Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP）+ Zabbix监控的开发和运维环境。 #### 系统与软件环境 - **操作系统**: CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 - **主机名**: ciops - **IP地址**: 192.168.2.161 - **软件及版本**: - Nginx: 1.14.0 - MySQL: 5.7.22 - PHP: 7.1.17 - Zabbix: 3.4.0 #### 安装基础环境包 在安装核心组件之前，需要先安装一系列的基础环境包，这些包主要用于支持后续软件的编译和运行。 ```bash yum -y install wget openssl* gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libevent libmcrypt libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers make gd gd2 gd-devel gd2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel libaio libaio-devel libicu-devel net-tools vim lrzsz ntp ``` 此外，还需要创建Nginx用户组和用户，用于后续的服务运行。 ```bash groupadd nginx useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx ``` #### 安装Nginx 1. **下载源码并解压**: ```bash tar zxvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.14.0 ``` 2. **配置并编译**: ```bash ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/opt/platform/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_sub_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module make make install ``` 3. **启动服务**: ```bash /opt/platform/nginx/sbin/nginx & ``` #### 配置防火墙 为了使外部能够访问到Nginx服务，需要在防火墙中添加80端口。 ```bash firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload ``` #### 安装MySQL 1. **下载并解压MySQL源码**: ```bash tar zxvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/platform/mysql ``` 2. **创建MySQL用户组和用户**: ```bash groupadd mysql useradd -g mysql mysql ``` 3. **创建数据目录并设置权限**: ```bash mkdir /opt/platform/data chown -R mysql /opt/platform/data ``` 4. **编辑配置文件`/etc/my.cnf`**: ```ini [mysqld] datadir=/opt/platform/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock character_set_server=utf8 symbolic_links=0 language=/opt/platform/mysql/share/english/ server_id=1 port=3306 log-bin=mysql-bin # connection interactive_timeout=1800 wait_timeout=1800 lock_wait_timeout=1800 skip_name_resolve=1 max_connections=1000 max_connect_errors=100000 ``` #### 初始化MySQL安装 1. **初始化MySQL**: ```bash /opt/platform/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure ``` 2. **启动MySQL服务**: ```bash /opt/platform/mysql/bin/mysqld & ``` #### 安装PHP 1. **下载并解压PHP源码**: ```bash wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.1.17.tar.gz tar zxvf php-7.1.17.tar.gz cd php-7.1.17 ``` 2. **配置并编译**: ```bash ./configure --prefix=/opt/platform/php --with-config-file-path=/opt/platform/php/etc --enable-mbstring --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-openssl --with-gd --with-iconv-dir --with-gettext --with-curl --with-mhash --enable-inline-optimization --with-bz2 --with-xmlrpc --with-xsl --with-libdir=lib64 --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx make make install ``` 3. **复制配置文件**: ```bash cp php.ini-production /opt/platform/php/etc/php.ini ``` 4. **配置PHP-FPM**: ```bash cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm start ``` 5. **配置Nginx支持PHP**: 修改`/opt/platform/nginx/conf/nginx.conf`中的server配置块，添加以下内容: ```nginx location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } ``` 6. **重启Nginx**: ```bash /opt/platform/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /opt/platform/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload ``` #### 安装Zabbix 1. **下载并解压Zabbix源码**: ```bash wget https://cdn.zabbix.com/zabbix/sources/stable/3.4.0/source/zabbix-3.4.0.tar.gz tar zxvf zabbix-3.4.0.tar.gz cd zabbix-3.4.0 ``` 2. **配置并编译**: ```bash ./configure --prefix=/opt/platform/zabbix --sysconfdir=/etc/zabbix --localstatedir=/var/lib/zabbix --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-libdir=lib64 --enable-server --enable-proxy --with-apache --with-mysql --with-net-snmp --with-libssh2 --with-libiconv-prefix=/usr make make install ``` 3. **创建数据库**: 登录MySQL: ```bash mysql -u root -p ``` 创建数据库和用户: ```sql CREATE DATABASE zabbix CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON zabbix.* TO 'zabbix'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ``` 4. **导入数据库结构**: ```bash mysql -uzabbix -ppassword zabbix < /opt/platform/zabbix/database/mysql/schema.sql mysql -uzabbix -ppassword zabbix < /opt/platform/zabbix/database/mysql/images.sql mysql -uzabbix -ppassword zabbix < /opt/platform/zabbix/database/mysql/data.sql ``` 5. **配置Zabbix**: 编辑`/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf`: ```ini DBHost=localhost DBName=zabbix DBUser=zabbix DBPassword=password ``` 6. **启动Zabbix服务**: ```bash systemctl start zabbix-server systemctl enable zabbix-server ``` #### 测试环境 完成以上步骤后，可以通过浏览器访问`http://192.168.2.161:4000/index.php`来测试环境是否正常工作。 #### 总结 通过上述步骤，我们成功地在CentOS 7.4.1708上手动搭建了一个包含Nginx、MySQL、PHP以及Zabbix的环境。这套环境不仅能够满足基本的Web应用需求，同时还能对系统进行实时监控，非常适合用于开发和运维场景。