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http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/[2/7/2013 1:35:18 PM]

Learn Python The Hard Way,

3rd Edition

Welcome to the 3rd Edition of Learn Python the hard way. You can visit the companion site to the book at

http://learnpythonthehardway.org/ where you can purchase digital downloads and paper versions of the book. The free

HTML version of the book is available at http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/.

Table Of Contents

The Hard Way Is Easier

Exercise 0: The Setup

Exercise 1: A Good First Program

Exercise 2: Comments And Pound Characters

Exercise 3: Numbers And Math

Exercise 4: Variables And Names

Exercise 5: More Variables And Printing

Exercise 6: Strings And Text

Exercise 7: More Printing

Exercise 8: Printing, Printing

Exercise 9: Printing, Printing, Printing

Exercise 10: What Was That?

Exercise 11: Asking Questions

Exercise 12: Prompting People

Exercise 13: Parameters, Unpacking, Variables

Exercise 14: Prompting And Passing

Exercise 15: Reading Files

Exercise 16: Reading And Writing Files

Exercise 17: More Files

Exercise 18: Names, Variables, Code, Functions

Exercise 19: Functions And Variables

Exercise 20: Functions And Files

Exercise 21: Functions Can Return Something

Exercise 22: What Do You Know So Far?

Exercise 23: Read Some Code

Exercise 24: More Practice

Exercise 25: Even More Practice

Exercise 26: Congratulations, Take A Test!

Exercise 27: Memorizing Logic

Exercise 28: Boolean Practice

Exercise 29: What If

The Hard Way Is Easier

http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/intro.html[2/7/2013 2:25:38 PM]

The Hard Way Is Easier

This simple book is meant to get you started in programming. The title says it's the hard way to learn to write code; but

it's actually not. It's only the "hard" way because it's the way people used to teach things using instruction. This book

instructs you in Python by slowly building and establishing skills through techniques like practice and memorization, then

applying them to increasingly difficult problems.

With the help of this book, you will do the incredibly simple things that all programmers need to do to learn a language:

1. Go through each exercise.

2. Type in each sample exactly.

3. Make it run.

That's it. This will be very difficult at first, but stick with it. If you go through this book, and do each exercise for one or

two hours a night, you will have a good foundation for moving onto another book. You might not really learn

"programming" from this book, but you will learn the foundation skills you need to start learning the language.

This book's job is to teach you the three most essential skills that a beginning programmer needs to know: Reading and

Writing, Attention to Detail, Spotting Differences.

Reading and Writing

It seems stupidly obvious, but, if you have a problem typing, you will have a problem learning to code. Especially if you

have a problem typing the fairly odd characters in source code. Without this simple skill you will be unable to learn even

the most basic things about how software works.

Typing the code samples and getting them to run will help you learn the names of the symbols, get familiar with typing

them, and get you reading the language.

Attention to Detail

The one skill that separates bad programmers from good programmers is attention to detail. In fact, it's what separates

the good from the bad in any profession. Without paying attention to the tiniest details of your work, you will miss key

elements of what you create. In programming, this is how you end up with bugs and difficult-to-use systems.

By going through this book, and copying each example exactly, you will be training your brain to focus on the details of

what you are doing, as you are doing it.

Learn Python The Hard Way

The Hard Way Is Easier

http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/intro.html[2/7/2013 2:25:38 PM]

Spotting Differences

A very important skill -- that most programmers develop over time -- is the ability to visually notice differences between

things. An experienced programmer can take two pieces of code that are slightly different and immediately start pointing

out the differences. Programmers have invented tools to make this even easier, but we won't be using any of these. You

first have to train your brain the hard way, then you can use the tools.

While you do these exercises, typing each one in, you will be making mistakes. It's inevitable; even seasoned

programmers would make a few. Your job is to compare what you have written to what's required, and fix all the

differences. By doing so, you will train yourself to notice mistakes, bugs, and other problems.

Do Not Copy-Paste

You must type each of these exercises in, manually. If you copy and paste, you might as well just not even do them.

The point of these exercises is to train your hands, your brain, and your mind in how to read, write, and see code. If you

copy-paste, you are cheating yourself out of the effectiveness of the lessons.

A Note On Practice And

Persistence

While you are studying programming, I'm studying how to play guitar. I practice it every day for at least 2 hours a day. I

play scales, chords, and arpeggios for an hour at least and then learn music theory, ear training, songs and anything

else I can. Some days I study guitar and music for 8 hours because I feel like it and it's fun. To me repetitive practice is

natural and just how to learn something. I know that to get good at anything you have to practice every day, even if I

suck that day (which is often) or it's difficult. Keep trying and eventually it'll be easier and fun.

As you study this book, and continue with programming, remember that anything worth doing is difficult at first. Maybe

you are the kind of person who is afraid of failure so you give up at the first sign of difficulty. Maybe you never learned

self-discipline so you can't do anything that's "boring". Maybe you were told that you are "gifted" so you never attempt

anything that might make you seem stupid or not a prodigy. Maybe you are competitive and unfairly compare yourself to

someone like me who's been programming for 20+ years.

Whatever your reason for wanting to quit, keep at it. Force yourself. If you run into an Extra Credit you can't do, or a

lesson you just do not understand, then skip it and come back to it later. Just keep going because with programming

there's this very odd thing that happens.

At first, you will not understand anything. It'll be weird, just like with learning any human language. You will struggle with

words, and not know what symbols are what, and it'll all be very confusing. Then one day BANG your brain will snap

and you will suddenly "get it". If you keep doing the exercises and keep trying to understand them, you will get it. You

might not be a master coder, but you will at least understand how programming works.

The Hard Way Is Easier

http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/intro.html[2/7/2013 2:25:38 PM]

If you give up, you won't ever reach this point. You will hit the first confusing thing (which is everything at first) and then

stop. If you keep trying, keep typing it in, trying to understand it and reading about it, you will eventually get it.

But, if you go through this whole book, and you still do not understand how to code, at least you gave it a shot. You can

say you tried your best and a little more and it didn't work out, but at least you tried. You can be proud of that.

A Warning For The Smarties

Sometimes people who already know a programming language will read this book and feel I'm insulting them. There is

nothing in this book that is intended to be interpreted as condescending, insulting, or belittling. I simply know more about

programming than my intended readers. If you think you are smarter than me then you will feel talked down to and

there's nothing I can do about that because you are not my intended reader.

If you are reading this book and flipping out at every third sentence because you feel I'm insulting your intelligence, then

I have three points of advice for you:

1. Stop reading my book. I didn't write it for you. I wrote it for people who don't already know everything.

2. Empty before you fill. You will have a hard time learning from someone with more knowledge if you already know

everything.

3. Go learn Lisp. I hear people who know everything really like Lisp.

For everyone else who's here to learn, just read everything as if I'm smiling and I have a mischievous little twinkle in my

eye.

License

Special Thanks

I'd like to thank a few people who helped with this edition of the book. First is my editor at Pretty Girl Editing Services

who helped me edit the book and is just lovely all by herself. Then there's Greg Newman, who did the cover jacket and

artwork, plus reviewed copies of the book. His artwork made the book look like a real book, and didn't mind that I totally

forgot to give him credit in the first edition. I'd also like to thank Brian Shumate for doing the website landing page and

other site design help, which I need a lot of help on.

Finally, I'd like to thank the hundreds of thousands of people who read the first edition and especially the ones who

submitted bug reports and comments to improve the book. It really made this edition solid and I couldn't have done it

without all of you. Thank you.

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zhangqian__semmes

2014-07-11

很好的教程！谢谢分享！

leavesjjj

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