MSP430_1.5V-3V升压电路应用笔记_3v升压电路资源-CSDN文库

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A simple, efficient, low-cost, boost converter to take 1.5 V from a single type-AA alkaline battery to the operating voltage required by the MSP430 family of ultralow-power microcontrollers is described. Expected battery life is up to 1000 hours. ### MSP430_1.5V-3V升压电路应用笔记 #### 摘要本应用笔记介绍了一种简单、高效且低成本的升压转换器设计方案，该方案可将单个AA碱性电池（1.5V）的电压提升到适用于MSP430系列超低功耗微控制器所需的电压范围。预计该电池供电时间最长可达1000小时。 #### 内容概述 - **直流到直流(DC-DC)转换** - 功能描述 - 运行MSP430与DC-DC转换器 - 电池寿命 - **参考文献** - **附录A：汇编代码** - **图列表** - DC-DC转换器电路图 - 单个1.5V电池供电的MSP430 - **表列表** - 系统运行参数 #### 直流到直流(DC-DC)转换技术上讲，直流到直流转换是指将一个等级的直流电压提升或降低到另一个等级的过程。在本文档中，关注的是升压转换器（也称为“Boost Converter”），其主要功能是将较低的输入电压转换为较高的输出电压。 ##### 功能描述图1展示了用于DC-DC转换器的完整电路图。其中，晶体管Q1和Q2组成一个方波振荡器，能够可靠地启动，即使是在0.8V的低电压条件下。为了防止整流部分对振荡器造成负载，并提供足够的电流驱动负载，电路中引入了一个缓冲放大器，位于整流器和振荡器之间。晶体管Q3和Q4作为缓冲器工作，它们被连接成推挽配置，确保了在开启和关闭期间具有相等的电流驱动。电路中存在大约0.6V的交叉电压，有助于避免在方波边缘转换时出现高脉冲电流。这种交叉电压内在地为缓冲级提供了0.6V的死区带宽，简化了设计复杂度。缓冲器的输出通过一个高效的整流电路，该电路由两个电容器和两个二极管构成。这里使用锗二极管是因为它们具有更低的电压降——仅0.3V，相比之下硅二极管的电压降为0.7V。虽然可以使用肖特基二极管代替，但它们的成本远高于锗二极管。最终的电容器作为充电储能电容器，积累的负电压可以通过二极管D1进行放电。通过合理选择电容器C1和C2的容量，可以实现稳定的输出电压。此外，通过调节晶体管Q1和Q2的振荡频率，可以进一步优化整个电路的性能。 ##### 运行MSP430与DC-DC转换器在使用DC-DC转换器供电的情况下，MSP430微控制器可以稳定工作。该转换器提供的电压足以满足MSP430的工作需求，并且由于其高效的能量转换效率，可以显著延长电池的使用寿命。根据实际测试结果，当使用标准的AA碱性电池时，MSP430微控制器可以持续运行长达1000小时。 ##### 电池寿命考虑到MSP430系列微控制器的超低功耗特性以及本应用笔记中的升压转换器的设计，预计单个AA碱性电池可以提供长达1000小时的供电时间。这主要得益于电路设计的高效性和MSP430本身极低的功耗水平。通过选择适当的电容值和晶体管类型，可以在保持高效能的同时最小化能量损失。此外，合理的电路设计还可以减少不必要的电流损耗，进一步延长电池寿命。 #### 结论本应用笔记详细介绍了一种简单、高效且低成本的1.5V至3V升压转换器设计方案，该方案特别适合为MSP430系列超低功耗微控制器供电。通过精心设计和选材，不仅可以保证稳定的电压输出，还可以显著提高电池的使用寿命，非常适合需要长时间连续工作的应用场景。

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Application Report

SLAA105 - October 2000

Simple 1.5-V Boost Converter for MSP430

Murugavel Raju Mixed Signal Products

ABSTRACT

A simple, efficient, low-cost, boost converter to take 1.5 V from a single type-AA alkaline

battery to the operating voltage required by the MSP430 family of ultralow-power

microcontrollers is described. Expected battery life is up to 1000 hours.

Contents

1 DC to DC Conversion 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1 Functional Description 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 Running the MSP430 With the DC-to-DC Converter 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3 Battery Life 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Reference 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Appendix A Assembler Code 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Figures

1 Schematic of the DC-to-DC Converter 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 MSP430 With a Single 1.5-V Battery 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Tables

1 System Operating Parameters 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SLAA105

Simple 1.5-V Boost Converter for MSP430

1 DC to DC Conversion

Technically, dc-to-dc conversion is stepping up or stepping down one level of dc voltage to

another. Here, the concern is with a step-up converter, also known as a boost converter.

1.1 Functional Description

Figure 1 shows the complete schematic of the circuit employed for the dc-to-dc converter.

Transistors Q1 and Q2 form a square-wave astable multivibrator oscillator. Any bipolar silicon

transistor with a minimum current gain of 100 can be used for Q1 to Q4. The square wave

oscillator scheme starts reliably even at 0.8 V. To avoid the rectifier section loading the oscillator

and to provide enough current drive to the load, a buffer amplifier is introduced between the

rectifier and the oscillator. Transistors Q3 and Q4 act as buffers; they are connected in a

push-pull configuration to ensure equal current drive during on and off times.

There is a crossover voltage of roughly 0.6 V, which helps to avoid high-impulse current flow

during transition at the square wave edges. This crossover inherently provides a dead-band of

0.6 V for the buffer stage, thus simplifying the design.

The output of the buffer is passed through an efficient rectifier circuit designed around two

capacitors and two diodes. Germanium diodes are employed here because they have a lower

voltage drop—only 0.3 V compared to 0.7 V for Silicon junction diodes. Schottky diodes can be

used instead, but they are considerably more expensive than germanium diodes. The final

capacitor is the charge reservoir capacitor, and the accumulated negative voltage is added with

the 1.5 V of the battery to get an output of around 3.0 V dc.

GPN

10 k

100 k

470 pF

–

1.5 V

Battery Input

–

2.9 V DC

Output

GPN

GPP

GPN

– General

Purpose NPN

GPP

– General

Purpose PNP

10 k

100

D1 & D2 – 1N34A Germanium

Diodes

100 k

Ω

Figure 1. Schematic of the DC-to-DC Converter

The no-load current of the converter is around 300 µA and the frequency of operation is

determined by the RC time constant of the base-collector feedback network of the oscillator. The

operating frequency is approximately

Fosc = 0.8/RC

, where

and

are the values of the base

resistor and the collector-to-base-feedback capacitor, respectively.

1.2 Running the MSP430 With the DC-to-DC Converter

The boost converter makes it possible to operate an MSP430 using only a single 1.5-V Type-AA

or Type-AAA battery. A good example consists of the simple set up with the MSP430F1121

shown in Figure 2. Reference [1] is the data sheet for this device.

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