博科SAN网络最佳实践指南-原厂版

SAN网络

最佳实践

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DATA CENTER

SAN Fabric Administration

Best Practices Guide

Support Perspective

A high-level guide focusing on the tools needed to proactively

configure, monitor, and manage the Brocade Fibre Channel

Storage Area Network infrastructure.

SAN Administration BEST PRACTICES

Brocade SAN Administration Best Practices – Support Perspective 2 of 21

CONTENTS

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3!

Audience and Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3!

Brocade Tool Set ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3!

Evolution of the Enterprise Data Center .................................................................................................................................................................................... 4!

SAN Administrator Dilemma ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5!

Fabric Configuration ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7!

Fabricwide parameters ................................................................................................................................................... 7!

Fill Word (Condor 2 8 Gbps platform only) .................................................................................................................... 7!

Bottleneck Detection ....................................................................................................................................................... 8!

Edge Hold Time ................................................................................................................................................................ 8!

Debug Log Level Settings ............................................................................................................................................... 9!

Brocade Fabric Watch ..................................................................................................................................................... 9!

Zoning ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10!

Advanced Zoning Considerations ................................................................................................................................. 11!

Zoning Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................ 11!

Firmware Management ................................................................................................................................................. 12!

Firmware Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................... 12!

Routing Policies .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13!

Port-Based Routing ....................................................................................................................................................... 13!

Exchange-Based Routing .............................................................................................................................................. 13!

Dynamic Load Sharing .................................................................................................................................................. 14!

Lossless Dynamic Load Sharing ................................................................................................................................... 14!

In-Order Delivery (IOD) ................................................................................................................................................... 14!

Fabric Diagnostics .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15!

Device Latency ............................................................................................................................................................... 15!

Faulty Media .................................................................................................................................................................. 15!

Data Collection for Support ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17!

Appendix A: Configuring Port Fencing .................................................................................................................................................................................... 18!

Appendix B: Terminology ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19!

Appendix C: References ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20!

Software and Hardware Product Documentation ....................................................................................................... 20!

Technical Briefs ............................................................................................................................................................. 20!

Brocade Compatibility and Support ............................................................................................................................. 20!

Brocade Scalability Guidelines ..................................................................................................................................... 20!

Brocade SAN Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 20!

Brocade Bookshelf ........................................................................................................................................................ 20!

Other ............................................................................................................................................................................... 20!

SAN Administration BEST PRACTICES

Brocade SAN Administration Best Practices – Support Perspective 3 of 21

INTRODUCTION

For over 15 years Brocade has been developing, installing, and training customers on Fibre Channel (FC) Storage

Area Networks (SANs) and, over time, has developed deep technical knowledge in administering SANs. This

document is intended to be a high-level document based on Brocade experience, products, and features focusing on

SAN fabric administration best practices guidelines for addressing configuration, monitoring, managing, and

diagnosing the Brocade-based SAN infrastructure.

The guidelines in this document will not apply to every environment, but they will help guide you through the tools

you need for successful administration of SAN fabrics. Please consult your Brocade sales representative or Brocade

SE for details about the hardware and software products and features described in this document.

Note: This is a “living” document that is continuously being expanded, so be sure to frequently check MyBrocade

(my.brocade.com) for the latest update of this and other best practice documents. Future release of this document

will cover additional topics such as best practices for routed fabrics, Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

(DWDM) connections, and access gateways. Refer to documents in the reference section for further details on the

features and tools discussed in this guide. Refer to the SAN Design and Best Practices Guide for optimal design

principles.

AUDIENCE AND SCOPE

This document is intended for Storage Area Network-Fabric Administrators (including storage and network), Brocade

certified Systems Engineers, IT architects, and System Integrators that provide value-added management solutions

based on the latest product releases from Brocade.

The scope of this document is to address common issues faced by administrators in managing their SANs. The goal

is to reduce the time needed for troubleshooting and dealing with application anomalies by using available tools to

minimize fabricwide disruptions. The details outlined in this document are for 8 Gbps and 16 Gbps devices only.

Note: The features and functions covered in this document apply only to Brocade

Fabric OS

-based products. This

document is not a replacement for product-specific manuals or detailed training on Brocade Fabric OS (FOS) or

Brocade Network Advisor.

BROCADE TOOL SET

Brocade has built in an extensive set of SAN administration, usability, and RAS (Reliability, Accessibility, and

Serviceability) features into the product line, including ASICs, Brocade FOS, Brocade Network Advisor, Brocade SAN

Health

, and the Brocade SAN Health Professional management tool.

Brocade FOS: Brocade FOS has evolved through six generations of Fibre Channel speed transitions to provide a

highly resilient platform for building next-generation Storage Area Network products. The operating system has

evolved to provide two options for deployment. For very risk adverse customers running mission-critical applications,

where stability and uptime are critical, upgrading within the minor release train with RAS improvements is the best

option. Customers who want to take advantage of Brocade innovations in new products and features can continue to

leverage the latest Brocade FOS release.

These are the key RAS features for the Target Path release:

• Credit recovery

• Bottleneck detection

• Port fencing

These are the key SAN resiliency features on the latest major Brocade FOS 7.0.x release:

• Credit loss detection and automatic recovery (Inter-Switch Link [ISL] and backend ports), including

stuck Virtual Channels (VC)

SAN Administration BEST PRACTICES

Brocade SAN Administration Best Practices – Support Perspective 4 of 21

• C3 discard frame logging and viewing

• Forward Error Correction on all 16 gigabit (Gbit) and 10 Gbit links

• In-flight encryption and compression

• D_Port support

• Advanced SFP monitoring (thresholds based on SFP type)

• Using E_Port top-talkers on 16 Gbps ISLs

• Access Gateway N_Port monitoring

• Duplicate World Wide Name (WWN) detection and resolution

Refer to the Brocade Fabric OS v7.0.x Release Notes, Brocade Fabric OS Administrator’s Guide, and Brocade Fabric

OS Command Reference Guide supporting Brocade Fabric OS v7.0.x for details on these new features.

Brocade Network Advisor and DCFM offer comprehensive monitoring and management support across multiple

Brocade SAN, IP, and converged network fabrics. These applications equip administrators with configuration, zoning,

visualization, analysis, and troubleshooting tools. Only Brocade Network Advisor is supported for management of

switches operating with Brocade FOS v7.0 and later firmware versions.

Brocade SAN Health provides an accurate view of the SAN environment with fabric topologies and detailed

performance metrics. Brocade SAN Health audit reports provide detailed color-coded hierarchical SAN insights from

Brocade FOS, Brocade M-EOS, the Brocade Mi10K Director, and Cisco MDS switches. The tool supports discovery

and reporting of both open systems and FICON fabrics.

EVOLUTION OF THE ENTERPRISE DATA CENTER

Fibre Channel-based SANs have evolved over the past 10 years, from SAN islands to a highly consolidated and

complex infrastructure driven by server virtualization and high capacity storage arrays. Diverse workloads and traffic

profiles going through the core network present a challenge in addressing intermittent anomalies in the fabric.

Fabric usage has also changed. There are more high-availability clusters, such as IBM HACMP, VMware, and

Microsoft Windows. Workload has also become much more complex. Instead of simple host target port pairs, you

now see hypervisors such as VMware VSphere, Windows Hyper-V, and IBM VIOS servicing large numbers of

virtualized hosts. This makes it much more difficult to isolate application problems when application performance

becomes a problem.

Storage virtualization has created its own special I/O requirements, adding a degree of complexity to the I/O complex

previously unseen outside of very complex mainframe environments.

All this has a serious impact on storage—particularly fabric—problem determination. There are more entities to

manage such as Logical Unit Numbers (LUNs), hosts, storage, and virtual machines (VMs), and more potential

problems. Also, the operational environment is much more difficult to troubleshoot than it was even a few years ago.

Rogue or badly behaving devices have much more impact on production environment than they did previously, and

management tools have not kept up with the changes.

There is an increase in virtualized hosts running in hypervisor clusters accessing virtualized storage, which could

potentially put a strain on the storage infrastructure, especially when there are a high number of virtual hosts per

physical server and all accessing the same storage infrastructure.

Many of the new behaviors induced by innovations in workload and storage infrastructures have generated a

corresponding difference in fabric traffic patterns and fabric manageability. For example, there is a significant

increase in very short frames, such as those encapsulating SCSI reserves and in-band Fibre Channel control frames

used by workload and storage virtualization products.

N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) hides flow information that was previously reported on individual ports.

SAN Administration BEST PRACTICES

Brocade SAN Administration Best Practices – Support Perspective 5 of 21

The result of all this change is the appearance of increasing issues with application performance that seem to be

associated with storage performance in some way but that cannot be sufficiently identified so that corrective action

can be taken.

SAN ADMINISTRATOR DILEMMA

When application performance problems become obvious, the SAN complex is frequently blamed. SAN

administrators usually have no metrics that might point to some other component in the infrastructure.

Frequently, the result is very long delays before the culprit or culprits are identified and measures are taken to

address the problem. The impact of such outages range from an inconvenience to a massive outage, where mission-

critical application availability is compromised and the enterprise is seriously affected. The experience is never a

positive one.

Brocade recognized the need for improved monitoring and problem determination aids and started a series of

initiatives to address the problem of relevant performance and problem determination metrics in the fabric.

Bottleneck detection is one of the first deliverables of this work. Bottleneck detection is designed to positively

identify bottlenecks in the fabric.

Two types of bottlenecks are detected:

• Bandwidth-based bottlenecks are determined by high link utilization. These are called congestion

bottlenecks. Congestion bottlenecks are relatively easy to detect and, in effect, can be detected by

other Brocade products such as Brocade Fabric Watch. Bottleneck detection provides an alternative

mechanism and more information about the congestion.

• Device latency-based bottlenecks, called latency bottlenecks are much more difficult to detect. This is

the primary focus of bottleneck detection, and the focus of much of the remainder of this section.

Latency detection is frame-based and identifies buffer credit problems. One of the major strength of Fibre Channel is

that it creates lossless connections by implementing a flow control scheme based on buffer credits. The

disadvantage of such an approach is that the number of available buffers is limited and may eventually be totally

consumed.

The temporary unavailability of buffer credits creates a temporary bottleneck. The longer the credits are unavailable,

the more serious the bottleneck. Whereas temporary credit unavailability is expected in normal Fibre Channel

operation, the longer durations are of most concern.

Long periods without buffer credits are typically manifested as performance problems and are usually the result of

device latencies. Exceptional situations cause fabric back pressure that can extend all the way across the fabric and

back. Excessive back pressure can create serious problems in an operational SAN.

Chronic back pressure can exacerbate the effect of hardware failures and misbehaving devices and can also

contribute to serious operational issues, as the existence of existing bottlenecks increases the probability of a

failure.

There are several common sources of high latencies:

• Storage ports (targets) often produce latencies that can slow down applications, because they do not

deliver data at the rate expected by the host platform. Even well-architected storage array performance

can deteriorate over time. For example, LUN provisioning policies such as allocating too many LUNs

behind a given port can contribute to poor performance of the storage, if the control processor in the

array cannot deliver data from all the LUNs quickly enough to satisfy read requests. The overhead of

dealing with a very large number of LUNs may cause slow delivery.

• Hosts (initiators) may also produce significant latencies by requesting more data than they are capable

of processing in a timely manner.

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