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redhat的GFS安装使用指南（Administrator's guide）
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### GFS在Red Hat环境下的安装与使用指南 #### GFS概述 GFS（Global File System）是Red Hat为集群环境开发的一种高性能、高可扩展性的分布式文件系统。它允许多台服务器同时访问共享存储设备上的同一文件系统，极大地提高了数据访问效率和服务可用性。 ##### 新特性与改进 - **集群支持：** 支持多节点同时读写同一文件，通过锁机制保证数据一致性。 - **性能优化：** 采用高效的数据分布算法，减少磁盘I/O操作次数。 - **容错能力增强：** 提供故障检测与自动恢复机制，确保服务高可用性。 - **兼容性提升：** 更好的支持多种硬件平台和操作系统版本。 ##### 性能、可扩展性及经济性 - **卓越性能与可扩展性：** GFS设计之初就考虑到了高性能和可扩展性需求，能够在多节点环境下提供稳定高效的文件服务。 - **成本效益：** 相较于其他高端专用文件系统解决方案，GFS提供了更好的性价比，降低了企业部署成本。 - **灵活性：** GFS支持多种硬件配置和网络拓扑结构，可根据实际需求灵活调整。 ##### GFS功能特点 - **动态负载均衡：** 根据节点负载情况自动分配文件系统资源，确保整体性能最优。 - **数据一致性保障：** 通过锁机制等手段保证多节点访问时数据的一致性和完整性。 - **故障自动恢复：** 在发生硬件故障或网络中断时，能够自动进行数据重建和恢复。 ##### 软件子系统组成 - **元数据服务（Metadata Service）：** 负责管理文件系统的目录结构和权限设置。 - **数据块服务（Data Block Service）：** 实际存储文件数据的组件，分布在各个节点上。 - **客户端接口（Client Interface）：** 提供用户访问文件系统的接口，支持POSIX标准。 #### 准备工作 在安装GFS之前，需要对环境进行一系列准备，确保满足相应的系统要求。 ##### 平台需求 - **硬件要求：** 需要至少两台服务器作为集群节点，推荐使用相同的硬件配置。 - **软件要求：** 系统版本建议为Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x及以上。 ##### 集群套件 - **Red Hat Cluster Suite：** 包含集群管理和故障转移所需的全部工具和服务。 - **Fencing：** 用于在节点故障时将其隔离的操作机制。 ##### 存储网络 - **Fibre Channel Storage Network：** 使用FC交换机连接存储设备，提供高速稳定的存储访问通道。 - **Fibre Channel Storage Devices：** 可以是SAN（Storage Area Network）中的磁盘阵列或其他共享存储设备。 ##### 其他必备条件 - **网络电源开关（Network Power Switches）：** 用于远程控制服务器的电源状态。 - **控制台访问（Console Access）：** 便于管理员进行初始配置和故障排查。 #### 安装流程 ##### 安装Red Hat Cluster Suite组件 - **自动RPM安装：** 适用于大多数情况，可通过`yum`命令快速完成安装。 ```sh sudo yum install -y cluster-suite ``` - **自定义RPM安装：** 当需要定制化配置或解决依赖问题时选择此方式。 ```sh sudo rpm -ivh cluster-suite-*.rpm ``` ##### 初始设置任务 - **配置网络参数：** 设置各节点间的通信地址和路由规则。 - **格式化存储设备：** 使用`mkfs.gfs2`命令创建GFS2文件系统。 - **挂载文件系统：** 通过`mount`命令将新创建的文件系统挂载至指定路径。 #### 启动与管理 - **启动服务：** 使用`clusadmin`命令启动GFS相关服务。 - **监控状态：** 通过`clustat`命令查看集群运行状态。 - **配置管理：** 编辑`/etc/gfs.conf`文件来调整各种参数。 通过上述步骤，可以顺利完成GFS在Red Hat环境下的安装与配置工作，为企业级应用提供强大的文件共享支持。
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Red Hat GFS 6.1
Administrator’s Guide
Red Hat GFS 6.1: Administrator’s Guide
Copyright © 2004, 2005 Red Hat, Inc.
Red Hat, Inc.
1801 Varsity Drive
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Phone: +1 919 754 3700
Phone: 888 733 4281
Fax: +1 919 754 3701
PO Box 13588
Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA
rh-gfsg(EN)-6.1-Print-RHI (2006-03-07T21:48)
Copyright © 2005 by Red Hat, Inc. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set
forth in the Open Publication License, V1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at
http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).
Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of
the copyright holder.
Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is
prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.
Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States
and other countries.
All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners.
The GPG fingerprint of the security@redhat.com key is:
CA 20 86 86 2B D6 9D FC 65 F6 EC C4 21 91 80 CD DB 42 A6 0E
Table of Contents
Introduction........................................................................................................................ i
1. Audience .............................................................................................................. i
2. Document Conventions ........................................................................................ i
3. More to Come .................................................................................................... iv
3.1. Send in Your Feedback ....................................................................... iv
4. Activate Your Subscription ..................................................................................v
4.1. Provide a Red Hat Login.......................................................................v
4.2. Provide Your Subscription Number .................................................... vi
4.3. Connect Your System.......................................................................... vi
5. Recommended References ................................................................................. vi
1. GFS Overview ................................................................................................................1
1.1. New and Changed Features...............................................................................1
1.2. Performance, Scalability, and Economy ...........................................................3
1.2.1. Superior Performance and Scalability ...............................................3
1.2.2. Performance, Scalability, Moderate Price..........................................4
1.2.3. Economy and Performance ................................................................5
1.3. GFS Functions ..................................................................................................6
1.4. GFS Software Subsystems ................................................................................7
1.5. Before Setting Up GFS .....................................................................................9
2. System Requirements ..................................................................................................11
2.1. Platform Requirements ...................................................................................11
2.2. Red Hat Cluster Suite......................................................................................11
2.3. Fencing............................................................................................................12
2.4. Fibre Channel Storage Network......................................................................12
2.5. Fibre Channel Storage Devices.......................................................................12
2.6. Network Power Switches ................................................................................13
2.7. Console Access ...............................................................................................13
3. Installing GFS ..............................................................................................................15
3.1. Installing the Red Hat Cluster Suite Packages................................................15
3.1.1. Automatic RPM Installation ............................................................16
3.1.2. Custom RPM Installation.................................................................17
4. Getting Started .............................................................................................................27
4.1. Prerequisite Tasks ...........................................................................................27
4.2. Initial Setup Tasks...........................................................................................27
5. Managing GFS .............................................................................................................29
5.1. Making a File System .....................................................................................29
5.1.1. Usage................................................................................................29
5.1.2. Examples..........................................................................................30
5.1.3. Complete Options ............................................................................31
5.2. Mounting a File System ..................................................................................32
5.2.1. Usage................................................................................................32
5.2.2. Example ...........................................................................................33
5.2.3. Complete Usage ...............................................................................33
5.3. Unmounting a File System .............................................................................35
5.3.1. Usage................................................................................................35
5.4. GFS Quota Management.................................................................................36
5.4.1. Setting Quotas ..................................................................................36
5.4.2. Displaying Quota Limits and Usage ................................................37
5.4.3. Synchronizing Quotas ......................................................................39
5.4.4. Disabling/Enabling Quota Enforcement ..........................................40
5.4.5. Disabling/Enabling Quota Accounting ............................................41
5.5. Growing a File System....................................................................................42
5.5.1. Usage................................................................................................43
5.5.2. Comments ........................................................................................43
5.5.3. Examples..........................................................................................43
5.5.4. Complete Usage ...............................................................................44
5.6. Adding Journals to a File System ...................................................................44
5.6.1. Usage................................................................................................45
5.6.2. Comments ........................................................................................45
5.6.3. Examples..........................................................................................45
5.6.4. Complete Usage ...............................................................................46
5.7. Direct I/O ........................................................................................................47
5.7.1. O_DIRECT ........................................................................................47
5.7.2. GFS File Attribute............................................................................47
5.7.3. GFS Directory Attribute ..................................................................48
5.8. Data Journaling ...............................................................................................49
5.8.1. Usage................................................................................................49
5.8.2. Examples..........................................................................................50
5.9. Configuring atime Updates ...........................................................................50
5.9.1. Mount with noatime.......................................................................50
5.9.2. Tune GFS atime Quantum .............................................................51
5.10. Suspending Activity on a File System ..........................................................52
5.10.1. Usage..............................................................................................52
5.10.2. Examples........................................................................................53
5.11. Displaying Extended GFS Information and Statistics ..................................53
5.11.1. Usage..............................................................................................53
5.11.2. Examples........................................................................................54
5.12. Repairing a File System ................................................................................54
5.12.1. Usage..............................................................................................55
5.12.2. Example .........................................................................................55
5.13. Context-Dependent Path Names ...................................................................55
5.13.1. Usage..............................................................................................56
5.13.2. Example .........................................................................................57
6. Using GNBD with Red Hat GFS ................................................................................59
6.1. GNBD Driver and Command Usage ..............................................................59
6.1.1. Exporting a GNBD from a Server ...................................................60
6.1.2. Importing a GNBD on a Client ........................................................61
6.2. Running GFS on a GNBD Server Node .........................................................61
A. Upgrading GFS ...........................................................................................................63
Index.................................................................................................................................. 67
Colophon...........................................................................................................................71
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